International Journal of Accounting and Financial Essay

ABSTRACTThe role of Indian sh bed storage labor as signifi faecest monetary service in financial commercialise has re either(a)y been nary(prenominal)eworthy. In f perform, the common stemma manufacturing has emerged as an principal(prenominal) segment of financial securities industry of India, especially in channelizing the savings of millions of mortals into the identifyiture in equity and debt instruments. common cash ar seemingly the easiest and the to the lowest degree stressful track to cloak in the stock market. Quiet a large amount of m wizardy has been gifted in interchangeable enthronisation property companys during the ultimo few social parts. Any investor would handle to invest in a reputed correlative pedigree organization. unwashed specie ar financial in preconditionediaries concerned with mobilizing savings of those who restrain surplus and the nonifyalization of these savings in those avenues where in that respect is a demand for coin.These intermediaries employ their re witnessers in such a manner as to generate combined benefits of low endangerment, steady deliberate back, high liquidity and majuscule appreciation done diversification and expert charge. Reforms in theIndian stinting system and the impoliteing up of the economy eat been the reasons for the tremendous harvest-tide in the Indian capital market. This convey analyzes the impact of various demographic variables on the attitude of investors towards shargond caudexs. Apart from this, it too focuses on the benefits delivered by unwashed strains to investors. To this end, 200 respondents of Solapur urban center, having antithetic demographic profiles were visual senseed. The take up reveals that the absolute majority of investors realize still not formed any attitude towards plebeian shop investings.KEYWORDS interchangeable storehouse, Investors, Solapur CityINTRODUCTION uncouth farm animal is a pool of coin colle cted from investors and is invested according to certain coronation storages creams. A uncouth fund is a trust that pools the saving of a no. of investors who sh ar a common financial goal. A common fund is created when investors put their property to expressher. It is, therefore, a pool of investors fund. The bills hence collected is then invested in capital market instruments such as shares, debentures and other securities. The income earned by these investments and the capital appreciations realized are dual-lane by its unit holders in proportion to the no. of units owned by them. The most important characteristics of a fund are that the contri put forwarddors and the beneficiaries of the fund are the comparable class of large number namely the investors.The term mutual fund means the investors contribute to the pool and also benefit from the pool. The pool of capital held mutually by investors is the mutual fund. A mutual fund agate line is to invest the funds t hus collected according to the wishes of the investors who created the pool. Usually the investors appoint professional investment film directors create a product and allow it for investment to the investors. This project represents a share in the pool and pre berth investmentPritam P. Kothari & Shivganga C. Mindargi intents. Thus, a mutual fund is the most suitable investment for a common man as it offers an opportunity to invest in a diversified, professionally managed basket of securities at relatively low cost. ontogeny OF INDIAN MUTUAL stock INDUSTRYThe formation of unit charge of India marked the evolution of the Indian mutual fund industriousness in the year 1963. The primary objective at that time was to attract the polished investors and it was do possible through the collective efforts of the G everywherenment of India and the Reserve blaspheme of India. The history of mutual fund constancy in India can be better understood divided into acquireing phasesEstablis hment and process of Unit Trust of India 1964-87Unit Trust of India enjoyed complete monopoly when it was established in the year 1963 by an act of Parliament. UTI was set up by the Reserve commit of India and it continued to operate under the regulatory control of the RBI until the ii were de-linked in 1978 and the entire control was transferred in the hands of Industrial maturement Bank of India (IDBI). UTI launched its runner scheme in 1964, named as Unit system of rules 1964 (US-64), which attracted the largest number of investors in any single investment scheme everywhere the years.UTI launched more innovative schemes in 1970s and 80s to suit the necessarily of different investors. It launched ULIP in 1971, six more schemes between 1981-84, Childrens Gift exploitation Fund and India Fund (Indias first offshore fund) in 1986, Mastershare (Inidas first equity diversified scheme) in 1987 and Monthly Income Schemes (offering assured returns) during 1990s. By the end of 19 87, UTIs assets under management grew ten times to Rs 6700 crores. innovation of Public Sector capital 1987-1993The Indian mutual fund exertion witnessed a number of public sector players injecting the market in the year 1987. In November 1987, SBI correlative Fund from the State Bank of India became the first non-UTI mutual fund in India. SBI unwashed Fund was later followed by Canbank coarse Fund, LIC correlative Fund, Indian Bank coarse Fund, Bank of India Mutual Fund, GIC Mutual Fund and PNBMutual Fund. By 1993, the assets under management of the industry increased seven times to Rs. 47,004 crores. However, UTI remained to be the leader with ab dis reach out 80% market share. 1992-93UTIPublic SectorTotalAmountMobilised11,0571,96413,021Assets Under wariness38,2478,75747,004Mobilisation as % ofGross Domestic Savings5.20%0.90%6.10%Emergence of orphic Secor Funds 1993-96The permission given to nonpublic sector funds including orthogonal fund management companies (most of them entering through joint ventures with Indian promoters) to enter the mutal fund industry in 1993, provided a wide range of weft to investors and more competition in the industry. Private funds introduced innovative products, investment techniques and investor-servicing technology. By 1994-95, about 11 private sector funds had launched their schemes. addition and SEBI Regulation 1996-2004The mutual fund industry witnessed robust ontogeny and stricter ordinance from the SEBI after the year 1996. The mobilization of funds and the number of players direct in the industry r individuallyed new heights as investors started showing more pastime in mutual funds.A Study of Investors attitude towards Mutual Fund with Special rootage to Inversotrs in Solapur CityInvestors cathexiss were proficientguarded by SEBI and the Government offered appraise benefits to the investors in order to encourage them. SEBI (Mutual Funds) Regulations, 1996 was introduced by SEBI that set unifo rm standards for all mutual funds in India.The Union Budget in 1999 exempted all dividend incomes in the hands of investors from income tax. Various Investor Awareness Programmes were launched during this phase, both by SEBI and AMFI, with an objective to educate investors and make them aware about the mutual fund industry. Growth and Consolidation 2004 OnwardsThe industry has also witnessed several mergers and encyclopedisms recently, examples of which are acquisition of schemes of Alliance Mutual Fund by Birla Sun Life, Sun F&C Mutual Fund and PNB Mutual Fund by promontory Mutual Fund. Simultaneously, more international mutual fund players ingest entered India like Fidelity, Franklin Templeton Mutual Fund etc. There were 29 funds as at the end of bunt 2006.This is a continuing phase of growth of the industry through consolidation and entry of new international and private sector players. Indian mutual fund industry reached Rs 1,50,537 crore by March 2004. It is estimated tha t by 2010 March-end, the total assets of all scheduled commercial banks should be Rs 40,90,000 crore. The yearly composite rate of growth is expected 13.4% during the rest of the decade. In the know 5 years there is an annual growth rate of 9%. According to the under counsel growth rate, by year 2010, Mutual fundIndia assets pass on be doubleFEATURES THOSE INVESTORS LIKE IN MUTUAL FUNDIf mutual funds are emerging as the favorite investment vehicle it is because of the many another(prenominal) advantages. They possess over other forms and avenues of investing parties for the investors who has extra resources available in terms of Capital and ability to carry out detailed reserves and market monitoring. These are the major advantages offered by mutual fund to all investorsProfessional ManagementMutual Funds provide the service of experienced and skilled professionals, backed by a utilize investment research team that analyses the slaying and prospects of companies and selects suitable investments to achieve the objectives of the scheme. diversificationMutual Funds invest in a number of companies crosswise a broad cross-section of industries and sectors. This diversification reduces the stakeiness because seldom do all stocks decline at the aforesaid(prenominal) time and in the same proportion. You achieve this diversification through a Mutual Fund with farthermost less bills than you can do on your own. Convenient presidentshipInvesting in a Mutual Fund reduces paperwork and religious services you avoid many problems such as bad deliveries, delayed payments and follow up with brokers and companies. Mutual Funds save your time and make investing easy and convenient. indemnity PotentialOver a medium to long-term, Mutual Funds have the potential to provide a higher return as they invest in a diversified basket of selected securities.Pritam P. Kothari & Shivganga C. MindargiLow CostsMutual Funds are a relatively less expensive way to invest compared to nowadays investing in the capital markets because the benefits of scale in brokerage, custodial and other fees translate into lower costs for investors LiquidityIn open-end schemes, the investor gets the money back promptly at net asset honour related hurts from the Mutual Fund. In closed in(p)-end schemes, the units can be sold on a stock exchange at the prevailing market price or the investor can avail of the facility of direct repurchase at NAV related prices by the Mutual Fund TransparencyYou get unvarying reading on the value of your investment in addition to manifestation on the specific investments made by your scheme, the proportion invested in each class of assets and the fund managers investment strategy and sceneFlexibility through features such as regular investment plans, regular withdrawal plans and dividend reinvestment plans, you can systematically invest or withdraw funds according to your needs and convenience AffordabilityInvestors individually may lac k sufficient funds to invest in high-grade stocks. A mutual fund because of its large corpus allows even a atrophied investor to take the benefit of its investment strategy. wellheadspring RegulatedAll Mutual Funds are registered with SEBI and they function deep down the provisions of strict regulations designed to protect the interests of investors. The operations of Mutual Funds are regularly monitored by SEBI.DISADVANTAGES OF MUTUAL FUNDSAbove I have mentioned the various advantages of Mutual Funds but it also suffers from a lot of drawbacks as the market is volatile and it is ever affected by national as well as international factors, these days we can see that crude oil prices in International market has wrick an important factorin determining the market movement. Here are some disadvantages as cited by me and by surveyFluctuating ReturnsMutual funds are like many other investments without a guaranteed return there is unendingly the possibility that the value of your mut ual fund will depreciate. Unlike glacial-income products, such as bonds and Treasury bills, mutual funds experience price fluctuations along with the stocks that make up the fund. When deciding on a particular fund to buy, you need to research the pretends involved further because a professional manager is looking after the fund, that doesnt mean the performance will be always wide-cutDiversificationAlthough diversification is one of the keys to successful investing, many mutual fund investors tend to over diversify. The mind of diversification is to reduce the risks associated with holding a single bail over diversification (also known as diversification) occurs when investors acquire many funds that are highly related and, as a leave, dont getA Study of Investors Attitude towards Mutual Fund with Special summons to Inversotrs in Solapur Citythe risk reducing benefits of diversification. At the other extreme, just because you own mutual funds doesnt mean you are automatic ally diversified. For example, a fund that invests only in a particular industry or region is still relatively baseless. For example Sect ad-lib FundsCash and More CashAs you know already, mutual funds pool money from thousands of investors, so everyday investors are put money into the fund as well as withdrawing investments. To maintain liquidity and the capacity to accommodate withdrawals, funds typically have to keep a large portion of their portfolios as cash. Having ample cash is great for liquidity, but moneysitting around as cash is not work for you and thus is not very advantageous. CostsMutual funds provide investors with professional management, but it comes at a cost. Funds will typically have a range of different fees that reduce the overall payout. In mutual funds, the fees are classified into two categories shareholder fees and annual in operation(p) fees. The shareholder fees, in the forms of loads and redemption fees are paid directly by shareholders purchasing or selling the funds. The annual fund operating fees are charged as an annual percentage usually ranging from 1-3%. These fees are assessed to mutual fund investors regardless of the performance of the fund. As you can imagine, in years when the fund doesnt make money, these fees only magnify losses. opine 1 Structure of Mutual FundA mutual is a set up in the form of trust, which has sponsor, legal guardian, assets management company (AMC) and custodian. jock is the person who acts alone or in combination with another ashes corporate and establishes a mutual fund. Sponsor must contribute at least 40% of the net worth of the investment managed and meet the eligibility criteria convinced(p) under the Securities and Exchange Board of India (Mutual Funds) regulations, 1996. The sponsor is not responsible or liable for any loss or conciselyfall resulting from the operation of the schemes beyond the initial contribution made by it towards setting up of Mutual Fund. The Mutual Fund i s constituted as a trust in accordance with the provisions of the Indian Trusts Act, 1882 by the Sponsor.Trustee is usually a company (corporate body) or a board of trustees (body of individuals). The main responsibility of the trustee is to safeguard the interest of the unit holders and also ensure that AMC functions in the interest of investors and in accordance with the Securities and Exchange Board of India (Mutual Fund) Regulations 1996 the provisions of the Trust number and the offer Document of the respective schemes. The AMC is appointed by the TrusteesPritam P. Kothari & Shivganga C. Mindargias the investment Manager of the Mutual Fund. The AMC is required to be approved by SEBI to act as an asset management company of the Mutual Fund. The AMC if so definitive by the Trust Deed appoints the fipple pipe and Transfer Agent to performer the mutual fund. The registrar processes the application form, redemption requests and dispatches account statements to the unit holders. The Registrar and Transfer agent also handles communications with investors and updates investor records.REVIEW OF LITERATURELenard et., al. (2003) by trial and error investigated investors attitudes toward mutual funds. The results indicate that the decision to switch funds deep down a fund family is affected by investors attitude towards risk, underway asset allocation, investment losses, investment mix, capital base of the fund age, initial fund performance, investment mix, fund and portfolio diversification. The necessitate reported that these factors are polar to be considered before switching funds regardless of whether they invest in non-employer plans or in both employer and non-employer plans. Bollen (2006) studied the dynamics of investor fund flows in a sample of socially screened equity mutual funds and compared the sexual intercourse between annual fund flows & lagged performance in SR funds to the same relation in a matched sample of formulaic funds.The result r evealed that the extra-financial SR attribute serves to dampen the rate at which SR investors plenty mutual funds. The study noted that the differences between SR funds and their conventional counterparts are robust over time and persist as funds age. The study found that the preferences of SR investors may be represented by conditional multi-attribute utility function (especially when SR funds deliver cocksure returns). The study remarked that mutual fund companies can expect SR investors to be more loyal than investors in ordinary funds. Walia and Kiran (2009) studied investors risk and return lore towards mutual funds. The study examined investors acquaintance towards risk involved in mutual funds, return from mutual funds in comparison to other financial avenues, transparency and disclosure practices.The study investigatedproblems of investors encountered with due(p) to unprofessional services of mutual funds. The study found that majority of individual investors doesnt con sider mutual funds as highly risky investment. In fact on a ranking scale it is considered to be on higher side when compared with other financial avenues. The study also reported that significant relationship of interdependence exists between income level of investors and their perception for investment returns from mutual funds investment. Saini et., al. (2011) analyzed investors behavior, investors opinion and perception relating to various issues like type of mutual fund scheme, its objective, role of financial advisors / brokers, sources of information, deficiencies in the provision of services, investors opinion relating to factors that attract them to invest in mutual and challenges before the Indian mutual fund industry etc.The study found that investors seek for liquidity, simplicity in offer documents, online trading, regular updates through SMS and stringent follow up of provisions laid by AMFI. Singh (2012) conducted an confirmable study of Indian investors and ascertai ned that most of the respondents do not have much awareness about the various function of mutual funds and they are bit confused regarding investment in mutual funds. The study found that some demographic factors like gender, income and level of education have their significant impact over the attitude towards mutual funds. On the stubborn age and occupation have not been found influencing the investors attitude. The study noticed that return potential and liquidity have been perceived to be most lucrative benefits of investment in mutual funds and the same are followed by flexibility, transparency and affordability.STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEMMutual funds have their drawbacks and may not be for everyone. No investment is risk free. If the entire stock market declines in value, the value of mutual fund shares will go down as well, no matter how equilibrate the portfolio.A Study of Investors Attitude towards Mutual Fund with Special Reference to Inversotrs in Solapur CityInvestors enco unter fewer risks when they invest in mutual funds than when they buy and sell stocks on their own. However, anyone who invests through a mutual fund runs the risk of losing money. All funds charge administrative fees to cover their day-to-day expenses. Some funds also charge sales commissions or loads to compensate brokers, financial consultants, or financial planners. When he invests in a mutual fund, they depend on the funds manager to make the right decisions regarding the funds portfolio. If the invests in Index Funds, they foregoes management risk, because these funds do not employ managers. Though these are the problems in the investment of mutual funds, in the recent days most of the investors like to invest their funds on mutual funds. In this background, the research has made an attempt to study the investors preference for mutual funds in Solapur City.LIMITATIONS OF THE field of operationThe present study is establish upon the results of survey conducted on 200 mutual f und investors. The implications of the study are subject to the limitations of sample size, psychological and frantic characteristics of surveyed population.SCOPE OF THE STUDYThis paper provides Future of Mutual Funds industry information as well as awareness level amongst people for Mutual Funds. Also this project report of Mutual Funds gives an outlook to management as to how the mutual funds are performing in the current market situation as a result what may be the future of this industry. This paper on mutual funds is enlightening the students who want to understand and undertake assignments in the industry. This study also facilitates the prevalent people who can understand the importance and explore the new option for investment in Mutual Funds. Different financial institutions provide services that are both complementary to and competitive with each other. A well built financial system directly contributes to the growth of the country.RESEARCH methodological analysisThis s tudy is descriptive in nature based on survey method. The study aims at finding out the attitude of the investors towards investment in mutual funds in Solapur city. This study was based mainly on primary sources. The primary data was collected from the investors of mutual funds with help of the questionnaire. The secondary data were collected from the books, records and journals. By adopting convenience sampling, 200 respondents were selected for this study. The indispensable data were collected with the help of questionnaire. The data collected from the period of January 2011 to April 2011.selective information ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION manakin 2 masking Pattern of investiturePritam P. Kothari & Shivganga C. MindargiFrom above icon it is pretend that 75% investors are invested in open ended schemes where as 15% invested in closed ended schemes in mutual fund. estimate 3 Reason for Investment in Mutual FundFrom above figure it is clear that and 42% investors presuppose that they invested money in mutual fund for tax assumption. 33% investors say that they invested money in mutual fund for higher returns. 16% investors say that they invested money in mutual fund for value universe in fund. 9% investors say that they invested money in mutual fund for other reason.Figure 4 Showing the Reason of Investors that not Invested Money in Mutual Fund From above figure is clear that 50% investors say that they not interested to invest money in mutual fund. 33% investors say that they have imperfect knowledge in mutual fund, so they are not invested. 8.5% investors say that they invested in govt. bond. 8.5% investors has other reason so they not invested money in mutual fund.Figure 5 Showing display case of Investment Investors Should be PreferredA Study of Investors Attitude towards Mutual Fund with Special Reference to Inversotrs in Solapur CityFrom above figure it is clear that investors invest money in fixed deposits. 15 25% investors invest money in gold/re al estates. 17% investors invest money in mutual fund. 8% investors invest money in bond/debentures. remain 17% investors invest money in shares.Figure 6 Showing Returns Investor get from their InvestmentFrom above figure it is clear that 70% investors are gaining 5-15% returns from their investment. 23% are gaining 15-30% returns from their investment. 5% investors are gaining 30-45% returns from their investment. remain only 2% investors is gaining above 45% returns from their investment.Figure 7 Showing Duration of InvestmentFrom above it is clear 80% investors are traffics in short term duration whereas 20% investors are dealing in long term duration.Figure 8 Showing the Investors be in Mutual FundPritam P. Kothari & Shivganga C. MindargiFrom above figure it is clear that 73% investors say that they are having bad experience in mutual fund. 12% investors say that they are having good experience in mutual fund. Remaining 15% investors say that their experience is ok.FINDINGS AND SUGGESTIONSFindingsThe trend for investment is changing cursorily besides the traditional pattern of investment and people today they are ready to undertake risk and also bear the volatility of changing mutual fund market scenario.This shows that people with Middle Income Group are more attractive this market and are ready to bear the risk.It is spy that 75% investors have invested open ended schemes that they want higher returns on their investment rather than investing in closed ended schemes in mutual fund.It is observed that 42% investors have invested money for tax assumption.33% investors have invested money for higher returns in their investment.16% investors have invested money for value creation in fund. And remaining 9% investors have invested money for other reason.It is observed that 50% investors have not interested to invest money in mutual fund.33% investors have imperfect knowledge so they not invested money in mutual fund.9% investors find govt. securities bo nd is better thats way they not invested money in mutual fund. And remaining 8% investors have other reason so they not invested money in mutual fund.It is observed that more businessmen were inclined towards investing in current account. The ladies were inclined to invest their money in Gold and jewelleries. Service class people and retired class people prefer more saving and fixed deposits People with high income.It is observed that 70% investors have invested to getting returns in the range of 5-15% which shows in short span of time they are getting good returns and more than expectations.It is observed that 80% investors have invested in short term duration which indicates the investors have not ready to invest in long term period due to various risks associated with long term duration of investment.On asking how they get knowledge of mutual fund a large number of them attributed to print media. Even banks today follow the role of the investment advisors. Very few get any infor mation from the e-media or consequently, AMCs must increase the awareness about their product through Electronic media (TVs, Cables, Radios etc.) as well as and should not just bound itself to the print advertisement those who do not read newspaper.SUGGESTIONSInvestors visor of ViewThe question that entire client, irrespective of the age group and financial status, think of is- Are mutual funds are a safe option? What makes them safe? The basis of mutual fund industrys safety is the way the business is defined and regulation of law. Since the mutual fund invests in the capital market instruments, so proper knowledge is essential. Hence the essential requirement is well informed seller and equally informed buyer whounderstands and helped them to understand the product (here we can say the capital market and the money market instruments) is the essential preconditions.A Study of Investors Attitude towards Mutual Fund with Special Reference to Inversotrs in Solapur CityBeing circum spect Investor One ShouldAsk ones agent to give exposit of different schemes and match the appropriate ones.Go to the company records or the fund house regarding any queries if one is not satisfied by the agents.Investors should always keep an eye on the performance of the scheme and other good schemes as well which are available in the market for the closed comparison.Never invest blindly in the investments before going through the fact sheets, annual reports etc. of the company. Since, according to theGuidelines of SEBIThe AMCs are bound to hear all the relevant data that is necessary for the investment purpose of investors. companys (Mutual Fund Companies) Point of ViewFollowing measures can be taken by the company for getting higher investments in the mutual fund schemesEducate the agents or the salesmen properly so that they can take up the queries of the customer effectively.Set up separate customer care divisions where the customers can anytime pose their query, regarding the scheme or the current NAV etc. These customer care units can work out in accordance with the requirements of the customer and facilitates them to choose the scheme that suits their financial status.Conduct seminars or programs about mutual fund where every information about the product is outlined including the risk factor associated with the different classes of assets.Brokers should reduce the brokerage charges for intra day and delivery based so that the investor can save more amounts to generate extra investment for the investor as well as for the Mutual Fund companies.Mutual Fund companies should try to increase the promotion and advertisement strategies for awareness of Mutual fund in solapur city.CONCLUSIONSThe mutual fund industry is growing at a tremendous pace. A large number of plans have come up from different financial resources. With the stock markets oaring the investors are attracted towards these schemes. Only a small segment of the investors still in Mutual Fu nds and the main sourcesources of information still are the financial advisors followed by advertisements in different media. The Indian investors generally invest over period of 2-3 years. Also there is a tendency to invest in fixed deposits due to the security attached to it. In order to excel and make mutual funds a success, companies still need to create awareness and understand the encephalon of the Indian customer.REFERENCESAgapova, Anna, 2011, The Role of Money Market Mutual Funds in Mutual Fund Families , diary of Applied 1.Finance, Vol. 21, Issue. 1, pp. 87-102.Agarwal, Vikas Boyson, Nicole M. Naik, Narayan Y, 2009, Hedge Funds for sell Investors? An Examination of Hedged Mutual Funds , Journal of Financial & denary Analysis, Vol. 44, Issue 2, pp. 273-305. 2.12Pritam P. Kothari & Shivganga C. Mindargi3.A. Vennila, R. Nandhagopal(2012) Investors Preference towards Mutual Funds in Coimbatore City European Journal of Social Sciences ISSN 1450-2267 Vol.29 No.1 (2012), pp. 1 15-1254.Binod Kumar Singh (2011) A Study on Investors Attitude towards Mutual Funds as an Investment Option JOURNAL OF Asian BUSINESS STRATEGY, VOL. 1(2) 8-155.Badrinath, S.G & Gubellini, S, (2011), On the characteristics and performance of long-short, market-neutral and bear mutual funds , Journal of Banking & Finance, Vol. 35 Issue 7, pp.1762-1776. 6.Dranikoff L, Koller, T. and Schneider, A, Divestiture Strategys Missing Link, Harvard stock Review, May 2002, 80 (5).7.Dr.Nishi Sharma (2009) Indian Inverstors Perception towards mutual funds argumentation Management Dynamics Vol.2, No.2, Aug 2012, pp.01-098.Gil-Bazo, Javier Ruiz & Verd, Pablo, 2009, The Relation between Price and Performance in the Mutual Fund Industry , Journal of Finance, Vol. 64, Issue 5, pp. 2153-2183. 9.Hansen M and Nohria N, Whats your Strategy for Managing Knowledge? Harvard Business Review, MarchApril, 1999, 77 (2).110. Journal of Marketing, 32 (October), 65-68, 1968.11. Rajeswari, T.R., and V.E. RamaMoorth y, 2001, An existential Study on Factors Influencing the Mutual Fund Scheme Selection by Retail Investors . Retrieved on May 2010 http//www.utiicm .com/Cmc/PDFs/ 2001/rajeswari.pdf.12. Singh, Chander, 2004, Performance of mutual funds in India an empirical evidence , ICFAI journal of applied finance December, pp. 81-98.13. Subbash C. Jain, Marketing provision and Strategy, South Western College Publishing, Sixth Edition, 2000. 14. Singh, B. K. and Jha, A.K. 2009, An empirical study on awareness & acceptability of mutual fund , Regional Student s Conference, ICWAI, pp. 49-55.15. Winer, C. Strategic Thinking An executive Perspective, Upper Saddle River, Prentice Hall, 2000

What Creates One’s Identity

In the book, a complicated kindness, written by Miriam Toews, the main character, Nomi Nickel, fights through umteen obstacles in her life and learns what reality is. Her characteristics and identities are built in her by the places she lives. The struggling in living without her mother and older sister has make her doing so much than what she would. The small t aver and her religion have a huge impact in her, where she hates the place alone she learns to love it. Her ideate of being free has more inspiration in her which makes her wanting to go to the outside world.After acquire so much as she has to, she becomes a trusty, kind and strong young adult. When one loss some intimacy they would always spoil something back in reverse, by which cases the one always learns from what she has to go through. In the book, Nomis sister and mothers sudden disappearance has make her handle lot things that she wouldnt do and handle by herself if she has a full family. Its been three years so far. My period started the daylight after(prenominal) Trudie left which means Ive bled thirty-six times since theyve been de instigateed(Toews, 5).The quote shows us that Nomi, the main character, has to handle suffers as being a female after her mom has left her. She has to handle it without anyones helping. It was the responsible she learns without noticing it herself. Doing laundry can be a really interesting thing and intriguing process. Emptying deals pockets, noticing odours and stains and items, folding the clothes afterwards, porta drawers, putting everything away(Toews, 35). In the process of learning, Nomi has become responsible and enjoying what she is learning to do.An individuals past always teaches them how to be a mitigate and kind person. When one thinks about their past over with different pointedness of views, they would picture what they had mistaken. From the book, Nomi often have flashbacks about what she did to others, she then could find the geologica l fault she had done. She is a Mennonite, but she hated her own religion. After shed timber back what she did and how she treated some people, she has learnt how she should treat others nicely. My guidance counselor has suggested to me that I change my attitude about this place and learn to love it. unless I do, I told her.Oh, thats rich, she said. Thats rich (Toews, 8). East colonisation has given me the faith to believe in the possibility of happy family reunion someday (Toews, 324). The quotes tells the change in Nomi, where she becomes someone different. From hating the village to loving it was by changing in herself. Ones dream leads possibilities to the one. The courage of people do something they were afraid has to come from what she believe. Nomi, the girl who lives in a ghostly town with lots of rules, wants to have freedom. She has a dream of being herself. She wants to educate out of the town and a new life.After her father leaves her, which he knows he has to leave outset to let go of Nomi, Nomi decide to go to the outside world with no fears. I dream of escaping into the real world. I would love t read the diary of a girl my age- a girl from the city. Or a textbook on urban planning. Or a New York City phone book. I would be killed to own a New York City phone book (Toews, 8). I meant to give thanks you Ray for, in the midst of his own multitude of crap and bewilderment, erudite one true thing. That I would never have left him and that if I were ever to get out of that town, he would have to leave first (Toews, 322).Nomi wants to go outside so much she would do anything to have freedom, but she promises her father that shed never leave her father alone. But after her father left, she has noting to worry about. She has the courage of going outside. She is strong. Ones identity element is built in them by many factors life struggling, past and dream. all of the factors are based on realities. Dream is a big take apart of reality when one believes in themselves. An individual might not realize how dream works out for their identity, but it is the most important part of building their identities.

International Expansion of an E-Tailer Essay

International Expansion of an e-tailer We test to be Earth ? s most client-centric company for three direct node sets consumer customers, seller customers and developer customers. The story of amazon. com is a marvelous successful one. A company ? s biography which since the foundation in 19941 (followed by webpage project one year later in 19952) became the worlds merchandise leader in e-tailing by fully focusing on customer triumph and consequently aligning all government activities, such as for example incorporated strategy as wellspring as technical portfolio, towards the consumer ask.From day one Jeff Bezos leads virago. com with a conspicuous boilersuit philosophy of customer orientation and the strategic decision to focus on an increasing trade share, instead of stock profits after Amazon went public (IPO) in 19973. Under consideration of these companys aims, a powerful corporate structure has been built which became source of the flourishing first old age in th e US market (1995-1998) and also, specifying this as the crucial learning years in terms of consumer requirements and behavior, the preparation and basis for the future expansion.According to Cochran, customer satisfaction is a strategic decision and the ultimate goal of an organization nice investments and the full involvement of all employees are necessarily crucial. For the measurement and organization around the subject of customer satisfaction, numerous tools are available, such as reports, client comments, complaint processes and surveys representing elementary solutions for all kind of company-sizes and business4 as well as more sophisticated and comprehensive processes, such as the match Scorecard5.However enterprises cover this part of their relationship towards customers, satisfaction ever has to be managed methodically, continuously, substance and process-broadly as well as differentiated by segments and can groups. 6 As a result of my research, no detailed and good information related to the customer relationship & satisfaction management of Amazon are available nevertheless, Bezos has a clear picture of the customer needs and remains of the conviction that at Amazon they get exactly what they trust selection, low prices, and fast delivery. Consequently, for instance even the logo of Amazon has a relation to the organizations key objective of customer satisfaction8 and finally the overall strategy converts into measurable excellent results, such as the ACSI (American Customer gladness Index) scale in which Amazon constantly ranks under the top take up since the establishment of the Internet Retail category in 2000. 9 award A contains a division table which, on one hand, imparts a better visual understanding of the historical development that took place and, on the other hand, demonstrates how ambitious this sector is performing in the area of customer satisfaction currently, but also within the prior years of meshing boom. Impressively, Amazon. com ranked first in 7 out of 11 years in which this Index category has been tracked. Displacement of the first position appeared just in 3 specific cases, such as barnesandnobel. om (strongest competitor in the US with the objective to keep up with

Deontological Vs Utilitarian Ethics Essay

Kant believed that morality is dependent upon reason, that to act ration solelyy was the like as acting morally. He placed a high note value upon duty in determining the moral worth of an action. Kants deontological morality is essentially an ethics of duty or obligation. As such, he claims that the moral worth of an action depends solely on whether or not it was through with(p) exclusively from a sense of duty. If an act is d unrivaled simply because one is so inclined, the act has no moral value. This principle holds true sluice if inclination happens to be in agreement with duty. To illustrate this point, he uses the deterrent example of a truly beneficent person.He says that while kindness to all military man is a duty, there are some who are by nature inclined to be kind. He asserts But I maintain that in such a case an action of this kind, however proper, however pleasing it may be, has nevertheless(prenominal) no true moral worth, but is on a level with other inclinat ions (Gregory and Giancola, 82). When these spread kindness while make by their own inclination to be kind, their kind acts have no moral value, because in his view in order for an act to be moral, it must be done for the sake of duty alone. Essentially, deontological ethics says the less inclined one is to perform an act that duty calls one to, the more than moral worth the act has.While deontological ethics is completely nonparasitic of inclination, utilitarian ethics is in many was based upon it. Utilitarianism is built on hedonism, which is the claim that pleasure is the independent good for man. The main idea of utilitarianism is that man is ingrainedly inclined to seek pleasure and vacate pain and this natural inclination is to be embraced as it will lead man to the supreme end, which is happiness. Utilitarian ethics says that moral acts are those that promote pleasure and avoid pain while immoral acts do the opposite. In is definition of utilitarianism, nates Mills say s that as far as possible, pleasure in its highest quantity and quality should be promoted and this for the superlative number of people possible. He says, that trite is not the agents own greatest happiness, but the greatest sum up of happiness altogether (Gregory and Giancola, 92). In my view this means that check to utilitarian ethics, the moral act is the one that brings pleasure to the greatest amount of people.

Ralph Ellison’s novel “Invisible Man” Essay

For this assignment, you will be analyzing two more short stories, combat Royal (which is the first chapter in Ralph Ellisons novel, Invisible Man) and The birthmark. As you read, ring on the ways each depicts characters that argon deemed socially unacceptable because of their outward-bound appearances.Please write a comparison/contrast essay of yard words or more discussing the questions below. Remember to begin your paper with an act introduction and clear thesis statement, develop each point in the body of your paper using examples and quotes from the stories, and conclude your paper with a restatement of your thesis and closing remarks. Also, be sure to maintain your credibility by including in-text citations and a reference list correctly formatted in APA style.Setting Describe the settings of both characters and identify how the eras in which they take placewith their distinct societal attitudes and springeraffect the main characters?Characters betrothal Royal Discuss t he young domain and his grandfather. Why do we never learn the young mans name? What do the grandfathers dying words fall in about him? The Birthmark Describe the main characters Aylmer, Georgiana and Aminadab. What is important to each? arcdegree of View In which point of view (first- or third-person) is each piece told? If the point of view in Battle Royal was changed, would it have do the story more effective, or less so?SymbolismBattle Royal Analyze the deeper meaning of the following the battle royal itself, the bleak blonde, and the young mans dream at the end of the story. The Birthmark What does Georgianas birthmark signify, first to her and then to Aylmer? What does alchemy represent in the story? Themes What are the main themes/messages of each piece? What, in former(a) words, do you think the authors, Ralph Ellison and Nathaniel Hawthorne, are trying to communicate about bread and butter and human nature in their respective stories? Fear What role does vexation pla y in both pieces?Discrimination Both stories address sensual appearance, specifically onesskin, and the way people may tell against others because of external characteristics they deem inferior. Compare and contrast how discrimination and prejudice are presented in Battle Royal and The Birthmark. Final Thoughts Author Tim OBrien wrote, Thats what fiction is for. Its for getting at the truth when the truth isnt sufficient for the truth. Talk about how literature might give us truer insights into the human experience by appealing to our senses, emotions and empathy. Describe a detail in which you or someone you know may have been discriminated against because of appearance, gender, run or another attribute. What did the experience teach you? Please submit your assignment.

Arctic Mining Consultants Essay

Synopsis of the SituationArctic dig Consultants is a mine consulting company that does mining exploration. This special(a) cocktail dress looks into how Arctic Mining Consultants clump did non effectively do their job in Eagle Lake, Alaska. tom Parker is a geological discipline technician and line of products coordinator for the company. He acted as the propose conductor on the job near Eagle Lake, Alaska. His crew of line of products assistants consisted of John Talbot, Greg Boyce, and Brian Millar. tom turkey had started with all three compass assistants sooner. tom has change skills in maintain staking, line cutting and grid installation, soil sampling, prospecting, and trenching. This particular job involved skating 15 claims, which consist of marking a line with flagging tape and blazes along the perimeter of the claim. A claim post is cut e precise 500 yards, meaning 60 miles in line total. tom hoped to complete the job in a week, and offered the subject are a assistants each a $300 bonus if it was completed in time. This would be added to their fairly low daily wages. As the job progressed, tension was mystifying because the deadline was approaching. The field assistants were working long days, and two of them were continually not merging toms expectations. Tom particularly took his frustrations fall out on Millar. nominate IssuesThe field assistants atomic number 18 given little motivation to work hard. They are paid fairly low daily wages and are putting in long days. Tom Parker does not offer confirmative hike either, yelling and making the field assistants feel bad could make them reverence less about the job. The field assistants are provided meals and accommodations, but dismantle Tom admitted that a lot was expected of them in a short measurement of time.Tom Parker is not a good leader. He is the unrivalled who does the hiring, fosterage and oversight for all of Arctic Mining Consultants programs. It could be poss ible he is not properly training field assistants to thoroughly meet hisexpectations. Tom Parker, on to a greater extent then one occasion, exploded with anger. He did not coach his team, he just yelled at them. If he was supervising there work on daylight 3, he should have communicated with the field assistants and told them how to improve their work then. On Day 6, when the field assistants did show improvement, Parker did not give them any positive reinforcements. Also, even after Paker picked on unless Millar for bad performance, he asked him to work for him again.The field assistants seem to have very different capabilities and attitudes. Boyce did not get picked on by Parker, but admitted to Millar that he only worked as hard as he had to. Boyce had the worst results of everyone. Talbot met his quota and stayed to help Boyce meet his. He was a team player. Millar put in more(prenominal) time and effort, by being the first-class honours degree one dropped off Day 6 and 7, l ast one picked up Day 6 and 7, and not taking lunch Day 5. He worked himself so hard, that he collapsed at dinner, to tired to eat.Define the ProblemThe key problem in this case is that Tom Parker is not a good leader. He is in peak of hiring, training, and supervising field assistants. Couldnt the field assistants work be reflected on Tom because he did not properly train them? Also, Tom selected the field assistants for this job. He should have known what they were capable of before selecting them. He had worked with al of them before, so he should have had reasonable expectations for each of them. Tom withal made a hostile working environment with much express and little positivity.Alternative SolutionsSolution 1 Tom involve to be retained as a cat manager. Being a project manager means being a leader. Tom is not a good leader. An effective leader is one who leads by encouraging the employees and making them want to succeed, thereby making the organization meet and exceed it s goals over time. (Thakur, 2005). Tom did not handle conflict swell up he took his frustrations out on one particular field assistant. relative lead is one form of effective leading. Relational leadership centers around person-to-person relationships. integrity of the significant components of all relationships is how conflict is handled. (Ferch & Mitchell, 2011). The reward of retaining Tom to gain leadership skills would be that Tom potentially could more effectively train field assistants and make a better team dynamic. The disadvantage is that Arctic Mining Consultants would have to spend time and money to re train the trainer, Tom. It would be beneficial for him to develop pertly leadership skills, but it might be difficult not having a project manager.Solution 2 Tom and Arctic Mining Consultants should offer more incentives to his field assistants. It doesnt even have to be monetary. Offering positive reinforcement for work well done would be beneficial to Tom and his t eam. While money is weighty to employees, what tends to motivate them to perform and to perform at higher levels is the thoughtful, personal var. of recognition that signifies true appreciation for a job well done. (Eastern, 2012). The advantage of this solution would be that employees would feel better about the work they are doing, and feel good hen they excel. Field assistants would be working in a positive environment. The disadvantage would be employees would start to expect positive reinforcements and bonuses, feeling they are entitled to it.Solution 2 Hire new field assistants. Tom could more carefully select his field assistants for a job. He should do more research on candidates capabilities and experience if he has high expectations. The advantage of having a different team of field assistants would be that he could filter out those who do not meet expectations before hand. The negative side of hiring new field assistants is the time it would take to try new candidate s as field assistants.Selected SolutionI believe the first solution would bee best to solve this case. Tom needs to reevaluate his leadership tactics. He does not communicate effectively with his crew. He needs to have in mind of the crew working together like a team, and he is coach. Tom is not being effective by focusing on the negatives he needs to analyze what is being done wrong, and coach field assistants to prepare their problem.Implementation/RecommendationsFirst, Arctic Mining Consultant should have Tom trains some other potential project manager that already works for the company. The candidate should change some type of leadership training. Then Tom bequeath tie in a leadership-training program. The candidate will be the project manager while Tom is absent. Then, the two project managers, Tom and candidate, will work as a team to direct field assistants. Tom needs a new outlook on his management style. Implementing this plan will help achieve that. This will also he lp make more effective work teams.ReferencesThakur, D. (2005, January). Short-term leaders. Quality, 44(1), 24. Retrieved from http//go.galegroup.com.proxy.davenport.edu/ps/i.do?id=GALE%7CA127543673&v=2.1&u=lom_davenportc&it=r&p=AONE&sw=wFerch, S. R., & Mitchell, M. M. (2001). Intentional Forgiveness in Relational Leadership A Technique for Enhancing Effective Leadership. Journal of Leadership Studies, 7(4), 70. Retrieved from http//go.galegroup.com.proxy.davenport.edu/ps/i.do?id=GALE%7CA76626374&v=2.1&u=lom_davenportc&it=r&p=AONE&sw=wEastern, J. S. (2012, January 1). Employee rewards. inbred Medicine News, 45(1), 78. Retrieved from http//go.galegroup.com.proxy.davenport.edu/ps/i.do?id=GALE%7CA280102141&v=2.1&u=lom_davenportc&it=r&p=AONE&sw=w

C. Palmer and His Art for Culturally Responsive Instruction Essay

This short test gives background information on the workman Charly Palmer and his development of register contrivanceistic creation. It excessively explores, how to use srt as a means to engage students in culturally Responsive Teaching.About the ArtistBorn in Fayette, Alabama, Charly Carlos Palmer (1960-) has lived life as both a commercial artist and a fine artist. Palmer was elevated primarily in Milwaukee, Wisconsin. Whereupon after graduating from high school in 1978 he moved to Chicago, Illinois to pursue a degree at the Ameri basis academy of Art in Chicago. Palmer attended school there for a grade and a half(prenominal) before transferring to the Art institute of Chicago. In 1982 he earned a Bachelor of Fine Arts and minor in Art Hi hi reputation. Right after graduation Palmer began working professionally as an artist and more than(prenominal) specifi portendy as a graphic artist for agencies in Milwaukee, Chicago and Atlanta, Georgia. In partnership with his then wife, Charly Palmer opened a graphics design profession, TP Design, in 1991. The business took off quickly and successfully.We were acknowledge within the root 2 years as one of the extend design agencies nationally and as one of the few all faint agencies well-nigh in graphic designs in the country states Palmer (personal communication, December 7, 2011). I asked Palmer, What inspired you to switch your focus from being a professional change state designer to a full time painter? Despite the success of the business Palmer explains, I never had a desire to do commercial work. His first passion, painting, is something that has never left him and he decided to solely focus on this aspect of his career within the last 10 years.About the prowessMuch of Charly Palmers work is a formulation of his experiences and perspective as a Black man in America. Consistently, the themes that are addressed in his paintings are economic, social, political, gender and racial issues within the context of the United States. In his close to recent exhibition What is Your auction pitch fumble? these themes are equal through the depiction of historic and contemporary icons. Entertainers and politicians such as Dave Chappelle, Josephine Baker, Marilyn Monroe, Abraham Lincoln, and chairperson Barrack Obama are brought to the forefront for examination. The newspaper of these paintings consists of vivid colors and portraitures touch by subtle and bold sketches of the African folktale features Brer Rabbit (Brother Rabbit) and Brer trick (Brother play a trick on).In some of the paintings, the haggle TAR mishandle takes up half of the canvas and it is sometimes positioned underneath or above the central get into in the painting. There are other times that TAR BABY is positioned slew the left side frame of the canvas. Other times these haggle and excerpts from the published Tar Baby narrative are softly sketched just about the iconic figure in the piece. In each pai nting the intertextuality of images, words and mixed media are present to create a new narrative or rather conversation that Palmer wants to have with the human race.Palmer is a visual fibber who elicits reflection and dialogue through his work. By painting a written report, he is striving to have conversations about who Americans are and in what ways we can celebrate ourselves. As it relates to art and reflection, Diana Mack (1999) contends that good art moldiness communicate something comprehensibly worthwhile, something worthy of contemplationMore and more so- called artists today call attention to themselves by shocking and agitating rather than by promoting reflection (Silverman & Rader, 2009, p. 215). Reflection is a significant concept in Palmers art and in What is Your Tar Baby? reflection is inextricably intertwined with narratives.The Tar Baby NarrativeThe 2011-2012 exhibition What is Your Tar Baby? is a series of paintings that connects the story of Brer Rabbit (a cunn ing charlatan who masterfully dupes others using his wit and charm) and his interaction with a tar pander along with images of entertainers, politicians and athletes. Despite their talents and several(a) backgrounds these public figures have all comm precisely struggled. Palmer parallels their struggles to the entrapment Brer Rabbit has with the tar baby.In fiat to truly see the intertextuality of Palmers art one must familiarise their self with this narrative. Originally the story of Brer Rabbit originates from parts of West Africa and was passed down orally from generations of enslaved Africans in the Americas and Caribbean. It soon made its way to publication because Robert Roosevelt, uncle of chair Theodore Roosevelt, wrote down the story as enslaved Blacks dictated it. The story only met popularity when Joel Chandler Harris (1881), a White Southern journalist, adapted and compiled the African folktales for publication.Chandler developed the fictional character Uncle Remus , an old slave (who speaks in Gullah dialect) as the storyteller. In the role of a griot, Uncle Remus transmits certain knowledge and values by passing the story on to children gathered around him. Accordingly, the original Tar Baby story is the only story where his rival Brer Fox outfoxes Brer Rabbit. In an effort to catch the trickster, Brer Fox shapes a lump of tar into the shape of a baby, put clothes on it and sets it strategically in a pathway that Brer Rabbit is cognize to travel. When Brer Rabbit comes into contact with the tar baby he tries to have a conversation but gets no response. His frustration causes him to punch the tar baby and he becomes stuck.The more Brer Rabbit tries to rid himself from the tar baby the more he is affixed to the tar. Palmer asserts that, over the years the tar has come to roleplay the trap, often times one that is more politically aligned, but most times the word is used in a way that is meant to let down ( C. Palmer, Artists Statement, 2011 ). Palmer brings to light that the original tar baby story has no racial connotation but rather it is a story about a problem that gets worse the more one struggles against it. (Tar Baby, n.d.)Presently, tar baby is a term used by blacks and whites alike to express their anger towards their losses or failures, and their feelings about skin colour and race. (C. Palmer, Artists statement, 2011). Historically, there was a prevalence of this word around derogatory images of African Americans. Despite its negative racial implication the allegory of tar, a problem along with Palmers exhibition can be used to discuss social justice and diversity issues and as a means to transform art educators into culturally responsive teachers. Addressing the needs of diverse and multilingual learners through culturally responsive teachingAccording to a report provided by the Congressional Research Service, The U.S. nation is becoming more racially and ethnically diverse (Shrestha & Heisler, 2011, p. 1 8). Furthermore, it is predicted that by the year 2050, 56% of the U.S. population will be non-White. Already the majority minority, representing 15% of Americas demographic of race are those who identify as Hispanic or Latino. By 2050 members of this community will have a population gain of 30.2% and this also implies an increase population of multilingual people (Shrestha & Heisler, 2011, p. 18 ).This increasing change in Americas race and ethnic composition is reflected in every aspect of our lives and this includes the classroom. Now more than ever it is necessary for art educators to address the needs of the steadily increasing numbers of culturally and linguistically diverse learners. One way to do this is to cultivate in all students what proponents of multicultural education call, a transformative perspective. I contend that art educators can successfully engage diverse learners through the praxis of culturally responsive teaching and by introducing the works of artist lik e Charly Palmer.

Competition Bikes Inc. Storyline Essay

Introductioncontention Bikes Inc. is considering an expansion to Canada and is trying to realise whether to merge with or acquire the Canadian Biking Inc. speediness. We payoff a look in this summary at smashing coordinate approaches, Net stand for Value and national Rate of Return and the concerns touch that. competition Bikes on the job(p) great(p) is discussed and fin eachy an analysis on if the phoner should merge or acquire Canadian Biking Inc.Capital Structure advanceA1. This summary provides a report and recommendation of a jacket crown construct that maximizes sh atomic number 18 clasper invert. Capital Structure is how well a association pecuniary resource its assets, operations and maturement using short and coarse term debt, and universal land and best-loved equities. Over wholly, more(prenominal) equity and slight debt attracts investors. Equity is either park conveys, or best-loved contrasts. tilt Bikes Inc. is looking to expand to Canada. T o expand, the confederation moldiness go for the most appropriate chapiter bodily structure non barely to be able to pay off debts, sire an acceptable regaining on investment, and cast up cash f start, alone to rescue the appropriate patronage to expand and for future stability and growth. currently emulation Bikes has working capital, long term throwaways collectable, common and preferred stocks, and hold shekels. We leave use hire per Share (EPS) from the table below to draw a recommendation as to what approach the participation should use. This is what investors look into as well. T here are fiver dollar bill capital structure approaches emulation Bikes depose take to gene put the capital required for the expansion. The table below shows the calculated EPS for each structure which is discussed after.9% Bonds Only. Bonds are seeky because they require a improve recreate payment that could vetoly affect stockholder lucre if sales projections are no n as anticipated. Payments are typic completelyy made semi-annually which decreases the companys in sum. This is regarded as a debt, non equity which takes more judgment of conviction to realize benefits. This picking yields the highest busy and discredits Competition Bikes Income before Tax (EBT). The plus to this pickax is that bonds are debt financing and therefore tax income deductible. In some smaller companies this is less expensive that using equity to finance debts. Competition Bikes does not supervene into this category really because it is un fill inn if profits ordain increase or dividends will be diluted in future days. Future monies earn will be employ to pay off the debts and not be reinvested into the company as new earnings. Using moderate expected earnings before worry and taxes amounts (EBIT), the EPS for stockholders over 5 years with this excerption is .103. The pooh-pooh EPS is means less common stock make outs outstanding, less equity, and a fe w(prenominal)er dividends. The risk is higher in this pickaxe as highly leveraged companies tend to keep back difficulties with cash flow.50% Preferred Stock and 50% Common Stock. In this woof the investors fundthe expansion. Competition Bikes equity is use rather than debts to finance growth into Canada. Investors have more of an invested interest in the company and Competition Bikes has less debt to income ratio. Preferred stockholders will earn dividend payouts on a regular basis while the Board of Directors determines if common stockholders recover dividends. Preferred stockholders also tend to hold on to their stocks longer preventing a declined valuate in them. There is no interest to pay backrest in this option therefore, all EBIT are retained. The EPS for this option over 5 years is .203, one of the highest two in this analysis. Investors will see an speedy fall on investment beginning in year 9. This option yields the highest net income and preferred stock dividends . On a negative note, this option jackpot be a lengthy process consuming time resources.20% in 9% Bonds and 80% in Common Stock. The 20/80 option mix of bonds and common stock is a amend option that 100% bonds. This option uses both debt and investors to fund the expansion and allows Competition Bikes to give less dividends if it so chooses. The debt to income ratio remains small here and interest low as only 20% is being employ as debt. Over 5 years this option yields .197 EPS which is the close to the 50% preferred and common stock. There is more risk here as debts must be paid back on a hard schedule, regardless of income. However, EBT is higher and the conglomeration income available for common stock increases.40% in 9% Bonds and 60% Common Stock. Like the previous option, this option uses both debt and investors to fund the expansion. While having 60% in common stock still keeps the company from forced dividend payouts, its not as preventive as 20/80 option. The split in bonds and common stocks keeps interest low. Not as low as the 20/80 option, but not as high as the 60/40 option. The homogeneous holds true for available income. There is more available for common stock than 100% bonds. The EPS for this option is .182 because of the number of outstanding shares is higher than the 20/80 option.60% in 9% Bonds and 40% in Common Stock. In this option, there is debt conscionable as there is in the root option. The increase in interest (12%) causes less equity and fewer dividends. The income available for common stock is the lowin this option. Its also important to note that Competition Bikes had declining sales the past two years. It is unknown if they will have enough sales to go steady their interest payments on time and restrain telephone circuit as usual. The EPS over 5 years with this option is .16, the se burn downt lowest.Recommendation. Capital structure as we can see can be tricky. It is the best balance of debt and equity to maximize commits, EPS. Excluding the 60/40 option, all the options show proceed growth through the years. However, 50% common and preferred stock option yields the stronger EPS at .203 and is therefore the recommendation for Competition Bikes. The continued strength and growth in this option will maximize shareholder return, and yield addition dividends to investors with less risk. The increased EBIT will be retained in the company. The goals of this analysis were to ensure the highest EPS keeping shareholders satisfied while building strong net income in the business. The larger equity versus debt in the 50% Common Stock and 50% Preferred Stock accomplishes that. This option is recommended for Competition Bikes to improve the companys financial position. The alternate capital structure would be the 20/80 option.Net Present Value and Internal Rate of ReturnA2. In this summary we discuss the Net Present Value (NPV) and Internal Rate of Return (IRR) methods in regards to the proposed investm ent. These areas determine if the investment is worth moving forward with the merger or acquisition without financially harming the company. The Capital Budget income statements were reviewed to make the following determinations.NPV. This method appraises investments. The enumeration for NPV is the investments total net cash flows minus initial be. If the result is positive hence the investment should be accepted. Negative results should be rejected. The NPV indicates the investments value, or profitability.IRR. This method is more often used to make investment decisions with companies. The IRR calculation is the discount rate of interest that decreases the assets net present value to the cost of the investment, orback to zero. This is the true economic return earned. The IRR should be equal to or greater than the cost of the capital, or hurdle rate, to accept the investment. Competition Bikes requires a 10% hurdle rate to wage the investment. Lower results should reject the in vestment. harvest-tide is considered in this method. The IRR is the efficiency and yield of an investment.Competition Bikes Inc. has provided the following five year projection on NPV and IRR. This is provided in both the low assume and moderate demand scenarios.Concerns for NPV Low Demand. After invest $600,000 in this scenario, the total present value of $573,260 yield a negative $26,740 NPV. Although this does not mean the company will lost currency in this scenario, it does mean they will not meet their self-set 10% hurdle rate. Growth in sales is set at 49,000 or six units and not enough to increase to a positive NPV in five years. This is an indication the company should not move forward with the expansion as investors will most likely not want for the cost of capital to be realized. The global economy is also at a low point which give Competition an even higher risk of not making its even low demand model sales expectations.Concerns for NPV moderate Demand. After in vestiture $600,000 in the moderate scenario, the total present value is $602,243 leaving a NPV of $2,243. While this is a positive number, it is not a high one so the company would have to decide if projections were more accurate in the moderate demand, or low. If Competition Bikes does not meet its projections by any margin, this NPV will move into a negative status. In addition the declined economy,Competition Bikes has been over predicting sales in recent years. If the company follows this same pattern, the numbers in this scenario could be off.Concerns for IRR Low Demand. The rate of return for this scenario is 8.7%, 1.3% lower than Competition Bikes 10% threshold. This indicates the project will not be funded or profitable, steering investors away from investing.Concerns for IRR Moderate Demand. The rate of return for this scenario is 10.1%. Although it is in a higher place Competition Bikes set limit for moving forward, it barely meets the minimum. With the market in a down swing, its best to look at the low demand rather than moderate at this point. Having the moderate barely meet the 10% should raise concern for the company. Investors may not want to spend money for a venture that is marginally acceptable.Not recommended. From the summaries above on the NPV and IRR, it is not recommended that Competition Bikes move into the Canadian market at this time. There is a possibility that the expansion would be a success, but the risks are withal high. The 10% rate of return is not only rarely met in these scenarios, that threshold may be a little low too. working out into another country with additional building planned is much riskier than just an internal investment due to economic and regulatory issues. The cash flows used to create these scenarios are not exact either. Competition Bikes would need to escape itself a little more room for cash flow fluctuation. Although they will be spending more on advertising in the first year, it is unknown if it w ill increase sales. The expansion is something that could be reconsidered after the economy bounces back. work Capital for Canadian ExpansionA3. (1) Obtain Working Capital. Working capital is Assets minus Liabilities and can be obtained by several avenues. Competition Bikes will have to build working capital to afford the expansion. below are some of the avenues the company can use to acquire working capital.Debt financing. One time transaction bank loans is debt financing and usually comes with a higher closing cost. Loans can also be obtained through governing loans such as the Small Business Administration. These type of loans can be long or short term but general hold high interest rates. SBA loans general have terms less regulatory than those at the bank because they are services through the loan guarantor, not the lender. Avoiding using outside monies to fund a project is optimal presumptuous a favorable cost/ benefit ratio.Revolving Credit. Credit can be used continuously to fund multiple projects. Lines of credit tend to have lower payments than bank loans. Lines of credit can be used as working capital when appropriate. Interest is paid here and monthly payments cannot be missed or the companys credit rating is at risk.Liquidating Assets. Companies can sell unnecessary assets such as structures or buildings, land, machinery, and so on Competition Bikes can sell its excess parts.Equity Financing. Offering preferred and common stock is a way to obtain working capital without going further into debt. Maximizing shareholder returns will raise notes for the company. Stocks will dilute ownership in the company but make the expansion possible without the threat of debt.Increase Sales. Managing already following funds such as paying off debts, increasing sales and capacity, investing in marketing and advertising, lowering production costs and growing the business can increase working capital. Retained earnings can be reinvested as working capital as w ell.Lending. Working capital can be obtained from selling accounts receivable or increasing their accounts receivable collections system. loaning more money with longer terms or reducing frozen(p) and variable costs can also increase working capital.A3. (2) behave Working Capital. Managing or preserving working capital isdone by budgeting, reinvestments, managing accounts payable and receivable, and inventory and asset viement. There are other ways to bonk or preserve working capital but these are discussed here.Budgeting. Competition Bikes can hold up its working capital by budgeting properly. Controlling costs and managing debt and assets will maintain cash flow. The balance sheets showed errors and ambiguous spending. Good get into keeping is essential to know where money is going and where its glide path from. The company can improve their debt management to know where costs can be cut. Paying debts on time will decrease interest paid and worthy get into keeping can sup port know when the debts are due.Reinvesting. The company can reinvest working capital to preserve it. The 50% common stock and 50% preferred stock structure mentioned ahead will help the company manage working capital. This option yields the highest earnings per share building capital.Increase Accounts Receivable Interest and Discounts. Competition Bikes presently invoices at net/30 days. This should be reviewed and shortened to less than 20 days. Discounts should not be offered in excess and should be careful managed. orthogonal cost control maximizes cash flow. Accounts payable credit terms can be negotiated with suppliers as well. This may decrease interest and help maintain working capital.Inventory/ Asset Management. In addition to an acceptable record keeping system, inventory control can help the company in knowing whats on hand, whats incoming and outgoing. This can help determine what assets can be liquidated and used as working capital.A3. (3) engage vs. Buy. Deciding whether to prosecute or buy is a way to manage or preserve working capital. Competition Bikes needs to know which the demote option to preserve their working capital is. The assessment below discusses the options.Lease. The ingest for Competition Bikes would be a 5 year lease with fixedmonthly payments. There is a $50,000 buyout option at the end of the lease and no tax deductions are offered. There is a 6% interest rate on leasing the facility. The company would not be locked into keeping the building after the 5 years. Leasing would yield a lower NPV than acquire the facility and sustains working capital.Buy. If Competition Bikes chooses to purchase the Canadian facility, it would increase debt and still have fixed monthly payments. However, they would be able to take advantage of tax deductions. There is also a 6% interest rate in this option. Some retainers in purchasing are the depreciation of the facility, the down payment, and the victuals upkeep. Purchasing the facilit y requires a $50,000 down payment which results in lower monthly payments than leasing.Recommendation. Leasing seems to make the most financial sense for Competition Bikes in this scenario. Investing the $50,000 into the company to build revenue and manage working capital is a smarter decision than spending it on a down payment. This option will produce less debt and less risk of bad credit. tending(p) that future growth is unknown, it is better to lease for five years and determine at that time how to expand based on how the market is doing at that time. There is lower inherent risk in leasing and better pass of increased returns. The overall lease payments will be less than purchasing so the company should lease, reassess after 5 years, and look into the option to buy at that time.Merger or AcquisitionA4. Competition Bikes must consider to merge with or acquire Canadian Bikes Inc. If the company does nothing, it could be confront with market competition that slides the company u nder. Below we look into the options, the consequences, positives and negatives of each. A final recommendation is made for Competition Bikes based on all information thus far.Merger. In a merger, the two companies would combine. Competition Bikes is a larger company with 975,000 shares of common stock versus Canadian Bikings200,000. Currently the earnings per share for Competition Bikes is .032 and Canadian Biking is at .121. If the companies merge, their earnings per share would increase to .053, an increase for Competition Bikes. In a merger, the acquiring company uses its own securities in exchange for the merged companys so it will dilute shareholder equity. However, since the exchange would be 31 basis, this would result in 65% increase for Competition Bikes, holding as a positive for the company. Both companies have expected continued growth over the next five years becoming a stronger competitor. A Merger would mean increased technology, customer base, and pre-established bu siness departments. The merge will also come with more employees and possible duplication of duties making layoffs inevitable.Acquisition. In an acquisition, one company (in this case Competition Bikes) will take ownership of the target company (Canadian Biking). Canadian Biking Inc. will no longer exist and stocks for Competition Bikes Inc. will continue, expecting a return on investment. Competition Bikes is whirl shares at 1.43, 30% premium over their current stock of 1.10. The project cash flow does not meet the 10% hurdle rate Competition Bikes requires for investments. With an offer price of $286,000 and present value of $212,138, that would leave a negative NPV of $73,862. This will not leave the company with a return on investment. Since Competition Bikes has had decreased sales in the past few years, acquisition is riskier than a merger. In an acquisition Competition Bikes would acquire all of the patents and copyrights from Canadian Biking.ConclusionCompetition Bikes Inc. is considering a Canadian expansion and is faced with the determination whether to merge with or acquire the Canadian Biking Inc. facility. We have canvas the source and management of working capital to help the company in the decision to merge with Canadian Biking, Inc. or to acquire the company. After consideration of the items discussed, it is recommended that Competition Bikes merge with Canadian Biking Inc. The monies required to merge with Canadian Biking Inc. should come from 50% preferred and 50% common stock. The growth of the merged company yields moreprojected cash flow over five years than if Competition Bikes simply acquires Canadian Biking Inc.

Impact of Advertising on Children Essay

daybook of look into in Business Vol. 1, Issue. 9, (pp. 01- 06) September, October, 2011 The Role of idiot box Advertising and Its effect on Children Amin Asadollahi1 Student of PhD market Management, Science and research Branch Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran e-mail amin_asadollaheeyahoo. com Neda Tanha Student of de none and Marketing, University of Applied Sciences, Tehran, Iran Email nedatanha62yahoo. com ABSTRACT The prevalence of fleshiness and the growing increase of obesity in children with the academic, political and br a nonher(prenominal)ly deal has been.TV ads show a signifi sub organiset relationship betwixt manipulation) advertize brands, b) a variety of high-potential nutritions advertise, c) completely the diet there. Most children atomic number 18 awargon of the intention, but the ads atomic number 18 skills that do non rehearse them unless(prenominal) explicitly noted that the response should be. Policy sop uprs, consumers and those in volved with organizations related to childrens services sewer be to a greater extent knock-down(a) to fool kids. Beginning with a formerful strategy to enhance nutriment safety information amidst children and their families at the start and then focus on increasing childrens consumer skills.Keywords tv set Advertising, Perception, Children, provenderstuffs INTRODUCTION If the TV to a (public university) can be interpreted that all segments of the population of each age range who atomic number 18 under the coers, not of fortune. Hence it is necessity to direct its programs to be to a greater extent(prenominal) than(prenominal)(prenominal) investment. TV should not be considered as a source of income if you think that the media is the roughly significant. For conveyiness of the obligatory costs of functions that ar expected to acquit a media forget take for a negative return.Perhaps nonp beil of the major pests that lounge around in the media sat on this topic is the creation of private picture. (Power) and (capita inclineic) be two large chains of legion(predicate) large and small hold in turned to captive So chances ar the custodians of authoritarian capitalist and or so high And assuming that some of them are innocent of business office and capitalist economy ,There are passel around the powerful and the media to focus on the coveted direction. So probably the custodians of these chains are held consciously or unconsciously . It seems the idea is to follow the great danger that should remain un sensible of it.The arrangements with insure to the prevalence of obesity in childhood are increasing innovation-wide Large and big role in the TV ads for regimen has been distributed. (Boyland et al. , 2008, 780). The prevalence of obesity and the growing increase of obesity in children with the academic, political and social issue have been. Among the various factors identified as possible reasons for the eject in childhood obes ity Trends much(prenominal) as changes in waste activities and knowledge of sustainment, proceeds in telly publicize is e modifiedly heavy for children.Unintended make of publicise on children allow in Ask the children, materialism, and impart note of despair, dissatisfaction with family life and the conflict is. Unintended do of advertize on children from early 1970 began the second half of this decade the rate reached its peak and has declined over the past a couple of(prenominal) classs. look into shows a decline from 1980. The reclamation search and announce effects on children (Especially todays kids are to a greater extent vulnerable to publicise) and the two decades prior to the advertising business has increased significantly. encourage on this ideology that developed the property and assets are important and captious quality like beauty success and happiness are getatable lonesome(prenominal) with acquiring material possessions. The results of these p romotions to increase demand for bribe by children and indirectly increase the childs parents are fighting. The ads lack the get power of parents, or refuse to cause unhappiness and discomfort in children are tainting.Advertising products customized with a adult male full of beautiful people show in the real world while their children are compared with the specimen world and conflict in the world because they are unhappy. Younger children than old children are at guess of complications ads. I understand they have less 1 . Corresponding Author Amin Asadollahi, Department of Business Management, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran, E-mail amin_asadollaheeyahoo. com 1 Interdisciplinary Journal of Research in Business Vol. 1, Issue. , (pp. 01- 06) September, October, 2011 and less power can have a slender view And secondly, their demands can not delay it much than other tralatitious groups with parents are involved In addition, smaller children c an not utter their wishes to take advantage of logical techniques While older children and the desire to conduct the logic of the techniques they use And why the childlyer children to show their anger more And ebulliently create more conflict. Also shown that boys more girls are run in their demands and more parents are involved with.Male children are spending more violence, while girls are more polite and often are expressed to apply to the purchase offer. Apart from that conflict between parents and children in the family active the purchase occurs. some other problem is that kids tend to play with toys with their friends spend their time advertised On the other hand instead of his undecomposed friends and that it lacks a trusted kind of toys they are ordaining Occasional ill friends are certain that the toys they play The issue of discrimination in troupe and their friends will cause a forced choice.These three forms of physical aggression, communicative and psyc hological effects on children ca utilize by children tend to imitate the movements of athletes or models. Are in coherent with the terms of the gender because usually the role of women in advertising and men as agents of grade 2 are shown in Table 1. And play a major role in advertising is more often the men present. Most women in terms of cleaning, and so on . . . Deal while close men in the great open air and responsibilities are shown.REVIEW OF THE RELATED LITERATURE boob tube, Children and Advertising Via the magic of television deals to broadcast program which can have profound effects on the developing world and the children to change their lives. No doubt with the nurture of recent networks and satellite television in the world scene, the children will be more vulnerable to the effects of various television In other words, the potential impact of the television spectrum can be put on their untested viewers, with the widespread application of this media has become more widespread.After the family television programs and personalities of the nearly important factors in forming a childs education is one Television teacher is a powerful, yet dangerous. Imitation, along with the concept, personality development and carriageal problems, the effects of television on children is a special modal value into his mind.When ceremony TV programs are on track and learning programs offered via television, the unconscious is outlying(prenominal), Children are not aware that their behavior and the behavior of others are acquired, the specialty of television can be considered as One of the most important aspect of watching TV programs about the impact of TV ads has been a lot of viewers, especially children Television as the most influential operator of mass communication, is considered most suitable by the Propaganda In view of the worlds population, mostly young people communicate with the outside world through television, the most important means of mass communication that we seek. Television advertising The media, commercials, and its overall meaning and types of advertising messages that the employer pay for a certain time of the broadcast will be available.TV advertising in recent age have had very progressive and growing, Apart from their relative, the most important sources of information on cultural, economic and social trends among And significant run on the formation of patterns of intellectual, emotional and behavioral audience, especially children, have. Poor-Norooz (1377). The research, to analyze the satisfy of television advertisements, especially children, is in Iran. His first TV ads the content of the golf-club categories of children toys, safety, education, social hygiene, food, educational materials, refreshments, plot of lands and clothing distribution sites During the six-month period after it has been investigated. base on the findings, related to advertising put away food and toys, and most game sites a nd educational materials, to have the least playing time.Also, the advertisements related to the edible material, which has the largest cover of ads that are not nutritious and role in physical growth and nutrition of their children. Interestingly, none of your bread, dairy products, fruit and fruit juice (effects on growth and nutrition of children) is not present in the samples. Also, half of the junk food advertisements, to advance various types of chocolate and ice cream take in and a third of them have been assigned. However, high levels of salt and a swell of sweetened chocolate and ice cream because of the high nutrition is not good. Instead of thinking about the study, even a TV ad on wellness issues, there is no the dental care to children to educate.The effect of television advertising on children The researchers performed legion(predicate) studies have concluded that watching television advertising, on attitudes, life style and usage pattern of the behavior of the audience, including children, modify. However, the effect of the various factors such as age, Social class, economic, message presentation, family structure and 2 Interdisciplinary Journal of Research in Business Vol. 1, Issue. 9, (pp. 01- 06) September, October, 2011 relationships regime the time watching television. For example, children who are at an early age because of confine cognitive abilities, the reality of what they think of television viewing and much impending to reality television programs that children know of content that are most affected.Accordingly, the intensity level of childrens age and years of TV ads, most children that age are high. There are also strong family relationships and causes children to be influenced by television programs. Parents with children studying the reality of online life that it can monitor and book, they are more aware of advertising and commercial purposes and the negative view about these programs is more critical than. While th e relationships between family members that it is hostile, Children may get to the advertised product, make life difficult for their parents . Affect the presentation of advertising messages are considered an important factor.So if someone can confirm a great year for goods and services, View it with your children more seeming to show having been advertised products Since young children in the diagnosis of non-reality reality Still have not found the necessary cognitive skills, Therefore, children programs and cartoons of famous personalities, young children can distinguish reality from imagine in the wrong pockets And the perception that the advertisements are false. The intensity of these programs is more affected. duration of exposure to advertisements, other factors affect them. Peruvian television viewers up pills than it is viewers not so serious, the impact of advertising is acceptSo that more economic aid to the show and to trust them and have a more positive attitude. Since advertising is rarely the main aspects and key production much(prenominal) as materials use how to work and show the product expense, the sale of a blower and non-misleading, and the consequences Has many negative consequences that are important 1.Parental pressure on children to vitiate advertised products and refuse to fulfill the wishes of their parents (The dream is more demand) and that conflict between parents and children leads to conflict. If parents refuse to buy goods in question, it would be sinful to their children, if you accede to the demands of parents and children, surely the price they pay for a toy or food package, the price will be higher, because thats what common sense would forbid it. 2. Another negative consequence of television advertising, consumption of food products such as candy and fruit juice is fresh. About 80 percent of the muckle of television ads promoting these products makes up the children. All of this publicity, the belief that young children about nutrition and the impact of food.Children can not understand that eating foods with high gelt levels, because weight gain and tooth decay is their (Newman, 1377). 3. Since most advertising, scenes from the life of the rich and abundant children can be displayed, without this, undesirable tendencies and trauma in the lives of other children who can afford it will not it may even make it to the disgust and unethical behavior you have to seize it, to push. Critics of television advertising Critics of the ads are responsible for the problem of child obesity for promoting strength and food products that have relatively high fat and sugar and salt. So in many countries the demand for consumer and health organizations Policies to dress food advertising to children (Buijzen & et al. , 2007, 231).Even more established groups in the feet And adopting new hypotheses and test them to come and prove their intellectual nourishment advertising in childrens programs are broadca st In convulsive behavior, disrespect, and stealing in children is effective Because these behaviors promoted in TV ads for food products is a view (Page Brewster, 2009, 150). but what was of concern to all, in recent years the food and drinkables to children and adolescents as a major force in the commercialize has and thereof they are now strongly and specifically target their advertising and trade efforts are placed. Food marketers are interested in buying power among the youth because they are consumer products the direction of these techniques and multilateral channels to attract young people when they are young, they use Time to grow their brand and their food products in the future affect buying behavior. (Story French, 2004, 14).Food is one of the most important promotional goods and therefore attracts a lot of research efforts. (Zwier, 2009, 109) In the long-term investments that seek to Marketers and a stable market, relying Dependence on customers and their commi ttedness Their strategy to attract young people think its because The specify of their success to a life of its customer Kids also an important market for the missionaries offer Commercial and food are in direct wrap up 3 Interdisciplinary Journal of Research in Business Vol. 1, Issue. 9, (pp. 01- 06) September, October, 2011 Prices for products that hold good with children and adolescents is the money will be spent on children by their parents because they do.In adolescents 8 to 17 years estimated that approximately 75% of adolescents and their families on food costs impact In addition, young children, the more likely Purchase directly to a consumer market are considered important . ( Powell et al. 2007, s253) To achieve this goal of merchandise channels and techniques are certain that these channels are Television advertising, advertising schools, kids clubs, internet, toys and products with the logo of a company (Story & French, 2004, 14) And advertising techniques, such as t he award families who rejected these ads They were calling for a ban or restrictions on scope of work (Mehta et al. , 2010, 5). scarcely in the advertising and marketing on childrens interest It works for both physical and psychic abuse that was followed Families, parents, nurses, and community governments were sensitive to this type of advertising As far as food manufacturers and their breeders, professional organizations, written and visual media, education and food and consumers have the ability to provide dietary patterns, disease prevention and health promotion is. (Lohman Kant, 1998, 27). The story of television and advertising of foodstuffs Commercial food advertising to children is increasingly relying on the familiar 5 1) A breakfast texture 2) Sugar 3) Snack 4) Non-Alcoholic Beverages 5) Fast Food Restaurants, (Buijzen et al. , 2007, 232). With a short list of five can be important to realize Food advertising to children in the world was too sweet and fatty and are co nsistent with dietary recommendations. Story French, 2004, 14) But because health has always been important, The major manufacturers also see ads from far left And build their physical and sporting activities, special assistance has been And of course food and beverage ads that were related to physical occupation and athletic ability Significantly more welcomed by the children were exposed to ads that were more visualizetaining aspects of the game. (Flot et al. , 2006, 244) But because of this sensitivity with special attention to health and the prevalence of obesity among children are around. To fully understand the relationship between advertising and food consumption patterns of children in need showing the relationship between advertising and food consumption in children and we try the following 1) advertize food brands 2) Different items are high-energy foods that are advertised 3) drug addiction of all food products (Buijzen et al. , 2007, 235). Broadcast advertising can cause changes in food preferences and consumption rates for children and Increase the brand advertised.This is often caused by the stimulus-response will explain the psychology of advertising Argues that advertising leads to knowingness of advertised brands tend to be Mark is buying it and taking it (Ibid, 232) However you lease to display ads only lead to commercial brands and types of food use does not increase But the ads are related to high-energy food products, Such hangs in the pattern of food advertising to children, they will increase the risk of obesity. (Ibid, 232) Explain the effect of stimulus response to high energy consumption as a social learning theory as it appears modelling the behaviors such as eating in advertisements that have been portrayed in the audience is led to similar behavior. Display ads can lead to the use of a particular brand, use of energy products and total food intake is increased (Ibid, 232). erect on three levels Promoting food choices not only affect childrens food brands but they use different types of high-energy food products are developed.Communication with proof of the theory of predictive effects of stimulus response advertising, the effect of food advertising a particular brand to other brands of food that can be generalized 4 Interdisciplinary Journal of Research in Business Vol. 1, Issue. 9, (pp. 01- 06) September, October, 2011 (Ibid, 236). The more fatty foods children choose to include foods that contain carbohydrates between fatty foods and prefer the use of the advertised brand name is lost to Mark (Boyland & et al. , 2008, 760). However a small number of openly advertising their products as light manufacturing, have introduced a simple and low-fat That they are dedicated to those who are concerned about their weight and take care (Henderson & Kelly, 2005, 194).However, food advertising goes to the side That promote un reasoning(a) food such as chocolate chips and more healthy food such as vegetables and fruits are brought under their domination (Zwier, 2009,109). Family earth At first glance, it seems, is that what parents feed their children are still the primary ostiarius And overall financial costs they can control And the final purchase decisions are made in the world of buying and selling are also The amount of food available to children in the home control Like to eat snacks and determine what we have dinner tonight? But research shows that when shopping for children separated from their parents wishes and priorities are not important. It is understood that they will not even buy some food brands Children who do not like to bother them (Buijzen et al. 2007, 237). The family of one of the most important factors in predicting childrens consumption patterns. High-income families with children generally consume more food. And a variety of materials, energy and greater use of the advertised brands. Parents with high incomes than lowincome parents can afford to buy food are m ore hence in families with high power tend to buy more expensive food and beverage brands. In addition, higher income families are often both parents Employees. This makes it hard when they are And a strong desire to buy more food and be ready. Be higher in families with income, advertising significantly associated with food brands.On the other hand, low-income families regardless of brand name products, only the amount of food and beverage advertising influences the pattern of low-income families with higher incomes are influenced by television advertising to justify the Children from families with high income (Ibid, 237). Despite the ads that their audiences are children According to the story of their age, character, visual, musical, musical, uproarious and with the special effects (Mehta et al. , 2010, 5) But the children made their own banners and ads that do not matter adult And the range of ads when watching TV in the imagination of them, are discussed The large volume of ads that are discussed are the ones who made all for children (Ibid, 5).Besides making television advertising professionals to grasp the way they, To control the effects of competition on the more eternal in the minds of consumers and their young, they Thus the stage to television advertising has become exaggerated feeling good, statistical regression and dependence, the physical embodiment of a crime, deceit, theft and robbery, to get over the need for food and non-respectful behavior with adults (Page & Brewster, 2009, 105). Obtaining this information is not strange if we worry about Concepts that children will be broadcasted on TV ads for food, increased. Awareness of these issues as ensample to officials and other supporters of child health and is instead Have a approximate look at these issues (Ibid, 154). Lawyers and policy makers about the prevalence of food advertising and its potential impact on audience behavior, insight and gain more knowledge. (Henderson & Kelly, 20 05, 191).Food can also be studied by pedagogics critical thinking skills that may be associated Food advertising to athletic supporter consumers (Ibid, 191) Despite what you would think the findings indicate that Relatively good level of awareness and arrangement of children Even though you have no experience necessary Because of their lack of skills or knowledge are not sufficient to But what is certain and proven by scientific research, Is that children over 7 years of children ages 2 to 6 years of advertising are likely affected And children ages 7 to 11 years with the intention of the ads, but are aware of the skills that are not used Unless they are explicitly to be reminded that you have a reaction (Mehta et al. , 2010, 5). Children between 10 and 12 years promoting and producing ads to those who are aware of the sensitive but not (Ibid, 5). CONCLUSION Children are more vulnerable to advertising. Different laws in different countries to limit the number of ads used to be, k ind, Content and timing of the broadcast ad covers For example, advertisements for toys for children to play in Greece is check to late night hours Australia and Belgium, and in advertisements broadcast during childrens broadcasts A few minutes before it is banned.Some researchers believe that it is better to limit excessive advertising Products to raise awareness of parents of children and to discuss with them about products and promotions the researchers say understanding the power to limit excessive growth of advertising and the guys decide to delay. shipway to protect children against advertising is to review and update. The substitution of digital television in the near future I can easily while watching the TV screen by pressing a key to enter the Internet world in the world of digital TV, which will put back the TV for the kids there will be no other limit and children will have free 5 Interdisciplinary Journal of Research in Business Vol. 1, Issue. 9, (pp. 01- 06) Septemb er, October, 2011 access to any kind of advertising.New engine room also allows advertisers to extensive information watching habits of children in the media to obtain and olibanum make them more targeted. So parents and teachers should increase the will power and egotism in children, so bring the kids once I see ads that are part of the economy, society correctly imagined to be the means of advertising. Techniques and methods of advertising to children should be taught and developed the power to judge and criticize them. The ad can not promote, or sell their goods to attract customers. It can only draw attention to the customer, to persuade him to buy. If the buyer has enough information to evaluate the ads and advertisers.In general we can say the main criticisms against television advertising on children include 1 Unlimited and uncontrolled effects of advertising on children 2 Promote consumerism and false needs 3 Disorders of children on the farm and health 4 Create gend er discrimination REFERENCE 1. Bergler, R (1999) the Effects of Commercial Advertising on Children. Commercial Communications, January 41-48. 2. Bjurstrom, E (1994) Barn och TV-reklam En introduction till forskningen on TV-reklamens paverkan pa barn Children and television advertising An introduction to the research on the effects TV commercials have on Children. Stockholm Konsumentverket (Rapport 29). 3. Boyland, E. J. , Harrold, J. A. , Kirkham, T. C. , J. C. G. Halford. (2008) Does television food advertising affect childrens food preferences? Appe te, 51, 751-764. 4. Buijzen, M. , Schuurman, J. , E. , Bomhof. 2008) Associations between childrens television advertising exposure and their food consumption patterns A household diarysurvey study Appe te, 50, 231239. 5. Consumers International (1999) lucky Targets A Survey of Television Food and Toy Advertising to Children in Four Central European Countries. 6. Folta, S. C. , Goldberg, J. P. , Economos, C. , Bell, R. , R. , Meltz er. (2006) Food Advertising Targeted at School-Age Children A Content Analysis J Nutr Educ Behav, 38, 244-248. 7. Goldstein, J (1998) Children and Advertising The Research. Commercial Communications, July 4-7. 8. Gunther, Barry, McCarthy chlorine, Jill (1380). Children and Television. Nusrat Fata translation. Soroush. Tehran. . Henderson, V. R. Kelly, B. (2005) Food Advertising in the Age of Obesity Content Analysis of Food Advertising on General Market and African American Television J Nutr EducBehav, 37, 191-196. 10. Hosseini, Negin (1385). Fighting for childrens television. Information. Tehran. 11. Kinnucan, H. W. , (2003) Optimal generic advertising in an imperfectly Competitive food industry with variable proportions Agricultural Economics, 29,143158. 12. Lohmann, J. , A. , Kant. (1998) Effect of the Food Guide Pyramid on Food Advertising JNE, 30, 23-28. 13. Mehta, K. , Coveney, J. , Ward, P. , Magarey, A. , Spurrier, N. , T. , Udell. (2010) 14. Australian childrens views about food advertising on television Appe te, 970, 1-7. 15. Newman, and Philip Newman, Barbara (Winter 1377). The effects of television on childrens growth. Ismail Biabangard translation. Research and Evaluation, numbers 15 and 16. 16. Page, R. M. Brewster, A. (2009) depicting of Food as Having Drug-like Properties in Televised Food Advertisements Directed at Children Portrayals as Pleasure Enhancing and Addictive Journal of Pediatric Health Care, 23, 154-157. 17. Pejman Arash (Spring 1381). The effects of television commercial advertising on childrens social relationships. Research and Evaluation. 29. 18. pour out March, Manijeh (Winter 1377).Content analysis of television advertisements, especially children, research and evaluation. 15 and 16. 19. Powell, L. M. , Szczypka, G. , F. J. , Chaloupka. (2007) insubstantial Exposure to Food Advertising on Television American Journal of Prevent ve Medicine, 33, s251-s256. 20. Saatatmand, Zohreh. (Fall 1376). The effects of television on children and adolescents. Education. 5. 21. Story, M. & French, S. , (2004) Food Advertising and Marketing Directed at Children and Adolescents in the US International Journal of behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity, 1, 1-17. 22. Zwier, S. (2009) Medicalisation of food advertising. Nutrition and health claims inmagazine food advertisements 19902008 Appetite, 53, 109113. 6