Role And Status Of Women In The Police

Role And Status Of Women In The law of natureQ. Its not spirant sexism, its to a greater extent like a internal on a overturn floorcurrent (Fe potent Police Officer cited in Foster et al. 2005). From your reading of the broader research literature, how well does this statement describe patrol working last? refresh the implications of your answer for the role and status of women in the law force.I do not wish them (women) to need military wad over men, but over themselves. Women have historically played the role of the protected not the protector. The natural law force is historically a male orientated domain. Policing was trancen as a joke allocated to tough, manful acts of crime-fighting and thief-taking. This change itself to a male, macho culture in which women played no part. As aptly draw by Malcolm Young, the opportunities for women argon constrained by hierarchies of dominance in which the masculine view prioritizes. For this reason gender is a difficult c at wizard sequencept in the masculine culture it creates. For the hardly a(prenominal) women who did enter into this male club they were appoint to station duties as opposed to pounding the street. The initial idea of policing was strongly linked to masculinity, historically males were liable for bodily fight and protection of the family. Women have had to fight hard against this stereotype and it is an uphill struggle they search still to be fighting today, however with the emergence of this diversity brought forth by the Stephen Lawrence tragedy, policing has come chthonian tight scrutiny. In order to fully examine whether there is discrimination towards women in the legal philosophy force there needs to be a tidings on womens history, outlining any progress over the years, and have got in modern day policing. This go forth uncover the dominance of any discrimination and the steps interpreted to tax return it.Before any such analysis arouse take place there must(pren ominal) be analysis into what constitutes an infracurrent. Is it present if whizz military officer express something weekly, should it be rather a conclave of officers and what is the frequency of this behaviour? conversely what is the definition of blatant sexism. Is it blatant if the comment is directed straight to a women to the highest degree an render solely related to women, repeat sozzled period. Also brook this be said to be sexism as a concept or simply miss placed humour? instant is defined as, without any attempt at concealment completely obvious. These two ideas are not good categorised, they appear to have a fluid quality rather than definite perimeters. In order to apprehend these things as a concept there needs to be an examination of modern and past policing and the resulting experiences.Women creation fully integrated into the police force is a recent development. Previously women police officers were a break open part of the police. Margaret Damer D awson, an anti-white slavery campaigner, and Nina Boyle, a militant suffragette journalist founded the Women Police Service in 1914. This was do up of women volunteers and it was not until 1930, women police were fully attested and attached limited powers of arrest. In 1969 the womens branch of officers was dissolved in anticipation of the Equal Pay Act. Despite this women police were still treated as a weaken section of the service. Women were not completely integrated into the police force until 1973. This suggests any discrimination faced by women may not be direct as could be seen towards women in the army, where women are excluded from positions which require face to face combat with the enemy. There has been legislation put in place to help with this integration but contempt the apparent willingness to treat women as equals there may still be an undercurrent of sexism through and throughout the force.The set-back step seen to integrate women in the UK was the Sex Discrim ination Act 1975. This Act make it unlawful to come apart against women, either directly or indirectly, in the field of employment. It seemed optimistic at best to think that one act of parliament could change a history of discrimination and ingrained ideas about gender. The male culture was not keen for radical change from their conservative origins. This prevalent masculine culture is shown from a quote taken after the legislation was passed from sergeant Sheena Thomas, before I was promoted, a senior officer told me that once I remembered I was a mere woman and not police officer, I would get on far break up. A challenge to the male dominated structure was not welcome making practise not openly enforced. The history of policing is important in discussing modern policing as it allows for a purify pinch of society i subscribes, as Reiner said, An understanding of how police officers see the social world and their role in it contain culture is crucial to an analysis of what they do and their broad political function. In recent statistics a category between women and male officers is prominent in not just the amount of female officers but overly in promotional positions.According to the official statistics dated 31st March 2009 across England and Wales, women are not a particularly well stand for group in the police force. The sum up of full time officers reached 141,647, out of these 32.8% were female police officers. This illustrates how women are still a minority group in the police force however there is further data that may give more weight to a claim of sexism in police suffice. Women, in the same(p) year of statistical data, were also shown to be under represented in positions of authority in the police. Examples are as followsMale Female join officeChief superintendent 448 60 508 12%Superintendent 938 120 1,058 11%However at the worst position there is a greater equality in dispersionMale Female Total percentageConstable 79,430 30,801 110,231 28%The difference in numbers between women and men in the effective positions could relate to the lower numbers of women applying to the police force. The question has to be asked is why are so few women applying to the force?There could be many reasons why women do not apply to the force, the obvious issue which stands out when thinking about police work and the gender divide is the nature of the work. This is generally estimate to be male orientated due to the notion of the physical aspect attached to the job and the jeopardy involved in it. Womens bodies have become a way of defining their readiness for the job. The idea of women as weak creatures is reflected in the police force, mainly in regard to physical strength. This presumed weakness reflects both physical and mental readiness, for the crime fighting nature of the job. In reality however this stereotypical idea of what police work involves may not be representative of reality. Much of police work involves admi nistration and minuscule crime prevention, it is not the fast pace, dangerous profession TV may imply. For this reason it is hard to see why any physical differences between male and females should make a real difference in the active duty of a police officer, self visualise of the police is that of crime-fighters and this is not just a distortion of what they do, it is virtually a collective delusionAnother aspect that leads the police to a more male orientated idea is the offenders with which they deal. As the majority of crimes are committed by men the job lends itself to male officers. This is to do with matching strength, males are seen as the stronger of the two and viewed as better equipped to deal with male offenders.The above statistics show that women are under represented in the police force, but what of the distribution of males and females in positions of power, does the unequal distribution reflect the smaller numbers of women in the force or sexual discrimination? The ratio of men to women in the constable role intimately parallels the percentage of the overall police force between women and men, at 28%. This cannot be said of the higher positions. For example the total number of superintendents is merely 11%. This percentage discrepancy between males and females in positions of authority does not match that of the lower ranks, making me more inclined to agree with Sandra and her opinion of womens promotional opportunities once recruited, their road to the top is certainly a greasy pole.Research which supports this claim is evident over the years. Kinsey (1985) took empirical evidence in Merseyside that showed 43% of officers under 30 on station duty (least prestigious job) were women. Coffey, Brown and Savage (1992) showed findings that women were under represented in many special departments and totally absent from others. Brown, Maidment and Bull (1992) researched deployment patterns of women police officers which showed that they gravit ated towards low frequency labour intensive specialised tasks. An example given for such tasks was supporting rape victims. Anderson, Brown and Campbell said women officers are limited in the amount and type of experiences they are able to gain. This in turn affects their job pleasure and may inhibit their promotion prospects. That fewer women than men attain promotion in turn can reinforce male stereotype about womens abilitiesResearch had shown that women feel undermined and undervalued by the predominantly male, heterosexual culture. They matt-up that their roles in the team were often restricted and that they had to work a great deal harder than their male counterparts to enkindle themselves. As one officer said, the exclusively thing I can do is just put my wit down, work hard and prove myself. Which is depressing, but its reality isnt it. The scarcely way I can earn respect is to work harder than everybody else.This apparent sexual discrimination has not managed to escap e the courts when in 1992 Alison Halford, who was the highest rank serving female officer with the position of assistant chief constable, pursued a sexual discrimination baptismal font against Merseyside police Authority. This was a high profile contingency widely reported in the media about Alison not getting a promotion she felt she deserved after nine attempts to secure the job. The case resulted in a victory and subsequently encouraged other women to take action and in that same year a number of other cases were reported in the media. . However for some it was seen as a step backwards when one senior female police officer said, It has not improved the image of the police and for that reason I wonder whether it has not ultimately damaged the cause of equal opportunities. The case did not go unnoticed with three female duty Chief Constables beingness appointed by 1994 and the first women Chief Constable, Pauline Clare, who headed the Lancashire PoliceHaving analysed the recrui tment of women into the police and some of the reasons why fewer women go on to join the force than men it leads us to discuss the experiences of women who become policewomen. The police are nested in society so it could be said the female role in society, reflects their role in the police. By this I refer to women not being allow to join the front line of the army or other protective stances society takes towards women. In the research by Wersch it was found that women were associated with suspect specialisms which was known as warm, fuzzy policing. This reflects the idea of protecting women from the harder crimes, which involved more danger, by limiting their roles within the force. So does this meanspirited that roles in the police force are gendered or simply that women find this sort of work easier than their male counterparts? In a US study by Miller it was concluded that women find it not only more comfortable to deal with the image of social work, the touchy-feely type task s it involved, but were also better at that particular type of job. However it appears that a general statement such as this is brush in its assumption that all women as a category find this work comfortable. Many women in the police force feel there is no choice being assigned duties based on their gender and however hard they tried to be just one of the boys all had to face questions about their role and status.The aforementioned need to be one of the boys has been researched as a coping mechanism in order to be treated on a equal footing as their male counter parts. Women feel pressure by the macho culture to either get on with the job given or take on the characteristics of their male counterparts, macho characteristics. Both this idea and that of promotional opportunities are seen in the writing on Malcolm Young, Women who do breach the boundary to penetrate this masculine world can only ever be partially successful and will often have to subsume male characteristics to achiev e even limited social acceptability. This apparent guideion of masculine qualities make women who stay in the force, tolerated almost as honorary men. The idea was excellently summarised by Ehrlich-Martin (1980) by identifying strategies of POLICEwomen or policeWOMEN, the choice between fulfilling their traditional role associated with women in society or adopting the male culture. However even women who do not adopt these characteristics and instead opt for traditionally female posts have a hard time. A male officer described a female officers work in the schools liaison department, No cold Saturday nights working the township and lots of school holidays what does she do when the kids are off? (male PC 1994). Women appear to be at a disadvantage no matter what road they choose.Discrimination within the police force came to a head with the tragedy of Steven Lawrence sparking great debate about discrimination within society. Steven was a young black offspring who was killed by a group of white youths. The police inquiry was said to be led by racial discrimination and initiated an inquiry. The Stephen Lawrence inquiry led to an exclusion of racial language in the force. For many this was trim back through risk of being disciplined rather than a change in side. It was said by a PC in site 7 that officers did not use racist language because it was too risky Too many people are scared of not grassing you up. This would suggest that without ever-changing attitude through education and understanding the once canteen culture will be driven under ground and felt in less overt forms of discrimination.This infamous inquiry led to a close scrutiny of the force and a home Officer research project entitled Assessing the impact of the Stephen Lawrence motion . The main aim of which was to evaluate the impact of the inquiry, examining the changes it made and the relationships within the force. While it recognised progress made such as the recording, monitoring and resp onses to hate crime and the general excision of racist language from the police service, there was evidence that these developments were not employed uniformly across the force. The inquiry drew out, not only the structural dimensions of the police in relation to women, but also their treatment day to day through the observational nature of the research.Its clear that structurally the force is kinder to the male in terms of numbers and promotional opportunities but what of the day to day treatment women face. The Stephen Lawrence inquiry was said by many police officers to have removed the workplace mockery with one officer aphorism, you cant have a laugh and a joke like you could However for many minority groups and women this was not a negative thing as they often found themselves on the end of such banter. One female officer stated she, actual quite a hard skin. The issue relating to the womens responses to the question, in my option, lies in the question itself. So what is th is banter and does it in fact reflect a sexism undertone. This idea of humiliation was identified in Chaplins work by saying that with pre-existing social structures, defining women as domestic beings and men in the public sphere is raise in the police force creating social conflict and humiliation. Policewomen are often on the end of so called banter which reflects their body or that of women around them. The body of women are discussed, measured and laughed at. It is ogled and lusted over, sneered at, ridiculed, drooled over and constrained into a repressed form. Women are seen as over sensitive creatures meaning women feel to complain about this banter between work colleagues would be to reaffirm the male suspicion. Evidence of this is shown in Malcolm Youngs research when he states that, In the 300 nicknames in my fieldname collection, those relating to women almost always symbolize size and ugliness or fasten onto an allegedly sexual potency.Much of the research on this subjec t agree that there is sexism in the police with the discussion centring around the degree of its prominence however this is not a completely accepted view. Criticism has been made of some literature based on their assumption that police sub-culture is the principal guide to action Waddington argues that this overlooks wider culture, which in turn makes police culture not an insular idea, but a reflection of stories, myths and anecdotes of their wider culture Although often of his other arguments appear unfounded this does strike a cord concerning what annotation the term brings up. Perhaps as Janet Chan said, police culture has become a convenient label for a range of negative values, attitudes and practice norms among officers. This term, by way of its implied expectations of behaviour, causes people who have had no experience with the police to become armchair critics, overlooking the honest, polite, non-violent, non-racist and non-sexist officers simply in the force.Any margina lisation in the police appears to stem from societies traditional role of women. With the police being nested in society and many of the officers being working class males from lower class backgrounds it appears less of a blatant sexism and more of a lack of education and social upbringing. Sexism cannot be said to be blatant due to the progress of womens integration into the police force. However there is clearly some form of sexual undercurrent stemming from promotional opportunities available to female officers and the banter they experience in everyday work. With society changing there is a new perception as to a women and their place and abilities, so as to womens incoming in the police I would be inclined to look on it favourably recognising a better understanding in society as a whole. With the emergence of new police officers there will hopefully be a change in stereotypical views of women, through better education and understanding. end-to-end this analysis women have bee n seen as a category and not individuals, perhaps it is in this generalisation that the line of work finds it routes, Because I am a woman, I must make unusual efforts to succeed. If I fail, no one will say, She doesnt have what it takes. They will say, Women dont have what it takes.