Recognition and Prevention of Occupational Stress :: Human Resource Management HRS

AbstractThis paper canvass punctuate in the workplace and examines secondary writings to recommend methods of reducing and preventing tensity. The literature used provided great insight into the causes and effects of occupational stress and its affects on organizations collectively. The recommendations and techniques discovered were very interesting and provided detail pertaining to stress management. IntroductionMost tribe experience stress on a daily basis however, occupational stress is one issue that is seldom discussed. A lot of people may not want to admit that their job is causing them stress or their work environment is a fewwhat nerve wrecking experience for them. Although rarely admitted or talked about workplace stress is an issue that must be addressed avidly by HR Personnel and Managers. It is pertinent that this be discussed because it is stress and anxiety that creates barriers to escalating productivity and high motivation among employees.This paper will focus on a number of things. Topics to be discussed include1. A general discussions of stress and anxiety. - This section will focus on the definitions of Stress and Occupational Stress and talk about stressors and their outcomes according to secondary literature.2. Moderators of Occupational Stress. - This section will discuss forms of moderators for Workplace Stress such as social support and coping skills3. Recommendations for stress reduction in the workplace. - This topic will discuss the Employee Assistance computer program and Organizational Change. The Job Stress Reduction Process of reducing and preventing stress and anxiety in the workplace will be described. The objective of this paper is to examine stress and anxiety in the working environment and provide recommendations as to how this issue could perhaps become a smaller problem in some workplaces. Through certain techniques this situation could become less of a hindrance and perhaps even somewhat non-exist ent in some working environments where stress is barely visible in small amounts. Stress and anxiety will be researched collectively but more specifically how to prevent excessive levels. Promotion of programs to tool strategies to help alleviate this concern will also be discussed.Overview of StressWhat is Stress? Stress - The confusion created when ones mind overrides the bodys basic desire to choke the nether region out of someone who so desperately deserves it (Author unknown). There are many biological, engineering and physiological definitions of stress but, the definition above is the most simplified and relevant in todays fast moving business world.

Essay on Pride and Prejudice as Romantic Novel and Romantic Criticism

self-esteem and Prejudice as Romantic Novel and Romantic Criticism To a great extent, Jane Austen satirizes stately romanticistic novels by inverting the expectations of love at first sight and the celebration of passion and physical attractiveness, and criticizing their want of sense. However, there are also elements of conventional romance in the novel, notably, in the success of Jane and Bingleys love. The first indication of Austens inversion of accepted romantic conventions is Elizabeth and Darcys mutual dislike on first sight. However, Jane and Bingley fall in love almost immediately, and the development of their romance follows conventional romantic-novel wisdom, down to the obstacles in the form of Darcys and Bingleys sisters disapprobation (the typical disapproval of the Family) and the attraction between the rich new-made man and the middle class maid. Their Cinderella story ends in happily-ever-after, as does Elizabeths and Darcys. Elizabeths defiance of Lady Cat herine recalls Megs defiance of her aunt in Little Women, and Darcys willingness to accept Elizabeth despite the inferiority of her connections is a triumph of conventional romantic-novel expectations. One of the most striking examples of Austens satire is her emphasis on reason, as opposed to the wanton passion lauded into the bulk of romantic novels. Lydia and Wickhams marriage is seen as a triumph of their passions over their virtue, and she is certain that little permanent happiness can arise from such a union. This is exemplified by Wickhams continuance of his extravagant habits, and the degeneracy of any feelings between them to indifference. The indifference Mr Bennet has for his wife, and the unsatisfactorine... ...Holmes & Meier Publishers, Inc., 1983. Jane Austen Info Page. Henry Churchyard. U of Texas, Austin. 23 Nov. 2000. <http//www.pemberly.com/janeinfo/janeinfo/html>. Kaplan, Deborah. Structures of Status Eighteenth-Century Social aim as Form in Courtesy Books and Jane Austens Novels. Diss. University of Michigan, 1979. Monaghan, David. Jane Austen Structure and Social Vision. New York Barnes & Noble Books, 1980. Poplawski, Paul. A Jane Austen Encyclopedia. Westport, Connecticut Greenwood Press, 1998. Reidhead, Julia, ed. Norton Anthology of English Literature vol. 7, 2nd ed. New York W.W. Norton & Company, 2000. Ward, David Allen. Pride and Prejudice. Explicator. 51.1 (1992). Wright, Andrew H. Feeling and Complexity in Pride and Prejudice. Ed. Donald Gray. New York W.W. Norton & Company, 1966. 410-420.

government-controlled investment :: essays research papers

Some argue that personal retirement accounts would be a mistake and that the government instead should set up its own investment fund to help finance future benefit payments. The good news is that this indicates a growing awareness that pre-funding (i.e., accumulating assets) is a necessary component of Social trade protection reform.The bad news, however, is that government-controlled investment is the wrong answer to the wrong question. It assumes that policymakers should focus solely on balancing the programs revenues and expenditures. This ignores the other Social Security crisisthe particular that the tax burden on todays workers is extraordinarily high compared to the benefits received (often referred to as the rate-of- consecrate crisis).But even if balancing Social Securitys long-term finances were the only goal, government-controlled investment would be the wrong answer. This is because a government-controlled pension fund would not face the competitive pressure and lega l stipulation to make investments solely for the economic benefit of future retirees. As one expert has explainedGiving the federal government that power and control would create largish risks for the economy and for the retirement security of todays workers. The Congressional Budget Office, for instance, has warnedFor example, evidence at the state and local levels with public employee pension fundsas well as evidence from similar arrangements in other nationsdemonstrates that politicians and their appointees often are tempted to steer the government-controlled pot of money toward special interests, political allies, or unified contributors.In addition, even well-intentioned policymakers are not qualified to invest funds and manage money. Simply stated, they do not face the bottom-line pressures that force surreptitious businesses and investors to allocate resources wisely. Yet poor investment decisions have serious consequences. Most important, workers would earn lower returns on their money, and even small differences in rates of return translate into less retirement income.

Internet Security Essay -- Essays Papers

internet SecurityINTRODUCTIONMany people immediately argon familiar with the net income and its use. A large number of its users however, are not aware of the security problems they face when using the meshing. Most users feel they are anonymous when on-line, yet in actuality they are not. There are some very easy ways to protect the user from future problems. The Internet has brought many advantages to its users but has also created some major problems. Most people believe that they are anonymous when they are using the Internet. Because of this thinking, they are not careful with what they do and where they go when on the net. Security is a major issue with the Internet because the general public now has access to it. When only the government and higher pedagogics had access, there was no worry about credit card numbers and other types of important data being taken. There are many advantages the Internet brings to its users, but there are also many problems with the Internet s ecurity, especially when dealing with personal security, business security, and the government involvement to protect the users. THE INTERNETThe Internet is a new, barely regulated frontier, and there are many reasons to be concerned with security. The same features that make the Internet so appealing such as interactivity, versatile communication, and customizability also make it an ideal way for someone to keep a careful watch on the user without them being aware of it (Lemmons 1). It may not seem like it, but it is completely possible to build a personal profile on someone just by trailing them in cyberspace. Every action a person does while logged onto the Internet is recorded somewhere (Boyan, Codel, and Parekh 3). An individuals personal security is the major issue surrounding the Internet. If a person cannot be secure and have privacy on the Internet, the whole system will fail. According to the Center for body politic and Technology (CDT), any vane site can find out whose server and the location of the server a person used to get on the Internet, whether his computer is Windows or province based, and also the Internet browser that was used. This is the only information that can be taken legally. However, it can safely be assumed that in some cases much(prenominal) more data is actually taken (1). These are just a few of the many ways for people to find out the identity of an individu... ... to the FBI (Rothfeder, November 1996 ingest 4). CONCLUSIONSecurity for the Internet is improving, it is just that the usage of the Internet is growing much faster. Security is a key issue for every user of the Internet and should be addressed before a person ever logs on to the net. At best, all users should have passwords to protect themselves, and businesses need to put up firewalls at all points of entry. These are low cost security measures, which should not be over looked in a possible multi-billion dollar industry.BIBLIOGRAPHYBoyan, Justin and Eddie Cod el and Sameer Parekh. Center for Democracy and Technology Web Page. Http//www.13x.com/cgi-bin/cdt/snoop.pl accessed January 26, 1997 1-4.Heim, Judy. Heres How. PC World Online January 1998 1-3.Lemmons, Phil. Up Front. PC World Online February 1998 1-2.Methvin, David W. beneficialty on the Net. Windows Magazine Online 1-9.1995 Feature PC World Online November 1-3.Pepper, Jon. Better Safe Than Sorry. PC World Online October 1996 1-2Rothfeder, Jeffrey. February 1997 Special Report. PC World Online 1-6 Rothfeder, Jeffrey. November 1996 Features. PC World Online 1--6

Superiority Ideas in the Formation of the United States :: United States History Papers

Superiority Ideas in the Formation of the United States Superiority ideas ar the darkest elements of human nature. The people of the United States appreciate the nonion that the nation is progressive and constantly pushing towards the equity and prosperity of all its citizens. However, the United States remains a nation of polarized cities and undemocratic schools. Within the country is a macroculture that forms the cultural norms of America norms that alienate many of the diverse groups that be in reality the constituents that form the Union. We gather up to realign our ideals to truly encourage the equity and prosperity of all the citizens of America before this can be accomplished we need to recognize the origins of the superiority views that are a part of the present American culture. In an effort to trace the roots of the superior views that are part our macroculture, the follow exposition examines the Puritan settlers of the brisk World, the waves of European immig ration to America in the 1800s, and the structure of the American city. The Protestant ethic of the New World and the United States has influenced the macroculture that mandates the nations present educational ideals and social norms. In addition, the models used by sociologists to describe the American city demonstrates that even the structure of the American city encourages the nation to be racially polarized polarisation that inevitably leads to violence. With obvious constraints, the following exposition points only to a limited portion of the possible roots of the existing superiority views cl proto(prenominal) there are numerous other origins that can be found within the formation of the United States that have contributed negatively to the social norms of America. The identified roots of superiority are the points of the authors interest and have been intentionally researched and described as possible sources of superiority views. Consequently, the negative attributes of the Puritans and the dominant group in America have been focused on. Certainly, not all of the Puritan ideals and Anglo-Saxon ideals have had a negative influence on the apparent macroculture of America. Our present society has had a myriad of beneficial contributions from the early Puritan settlers and the Protestant ethic. With the previous clarifications mentioned, the Puritan settlers of the New World can be contemplated and rediscovered. The Puritans were, in their view, an elite subgroup of the Protestants, thus their goal in England was to halt papistic Catholic worship.

Premchand and His Works Essay -- Premchand Biographies Poet Essays

Premchand and His WorksMay be for the western readers the name Premchand may be an alien name. But for the great lovers of the Indian literature, his name comes at the heyday list. There is hardly anyone who is oblivion about him, who has slight interest in Hindi and Urdu. Right from the childhood, children are fed with the rich and delicious short stories pen by him. Not only that, in some homes, parents and grandparents narrate the stories of Premchand in place of lullaby. His popularity reached up to such an optimum point that most of his works were translated in various languages of the world. At present one can read his works in various languages. To begin with, Premchand was a poet, novelist, playwright and storywriter who wrote in Hindi and Urdu. natural on 31st of July 1880 at a village named, Lamahi near Benares, that falls in the Indian state Uttar Pradesh. Though he is popularly known as Premchand but his actual name was Nawab or Dhanpat. Premchand was hi s pseudonym, which he adopted in the year 1910 in order to ward off the wrath of British- India Government, afterwards the government confiscated his work titled, Sojay Waton. He was bound to take pseudonym as he was in the threshold of his career. In one hand, his passion was writing and on other hand he was working as a teacher in government school. Due to his family problems he couldnt give up the crease and due to his passion, he couldnt resist himself from writing. Finally he found a neutral solution and that was to adopt a pseudonym. His let was an ordinary man. His father was a poorly paid postal employee. Like other children, Premchands childhood also passed away playing, which is a blessing of the age of innocen... ...ma O overact Sawab), Vardaan (Hindi, Jalwa-e-Isar in Urdu), Sevadadan (Hindi, Bazar-e-Hisn in Urdu), Remashrama (Hindi, Gosha-e-Afiyat in Urdu), Pratijnan, Nrimala, Gaban, Rangabhumi, Kayakalpa, Karmabhumi, Godaan and the unfinished Magalsutra. He wrote several memorable short stories alike(p) Kafan, many of them brought together in collections, for example, Soze-vatan. Premchand wrote on social issues like child widowhood, prostitution, and exploitation of the peasant by the landlord and on the freedom movement taking place all around him. His solutions were idealistic, but his great contribution lies in posing the question at that point in time, and through the medium of novels and short stories which had till then been restricted to romance. Premchand used literature for the importance subroutine of arousing public awareness about national and social issues.

Premchand and His Works Essay -- Premchand Biographies Poet Essays

Premchand and His WorksMay be for the western readers the name Premchand may be an alien name. But for the bang-up lovers of the Indian literature, his name comes at the top list. There is hardly anyone who is oblivion about him, who has slight interest in Hindi and Urdu. Right from the childhood, children are provide with the rich and delicious short stories written by him. Not only that, in some homes, parents and grandparents narrate the stories of Premchand in place of lullaby. His popularity reached up to such an best point that most of his works were translated in various languages of the world. At present one can read his works in various languages. To begin with, Premchand was a poet, novelist, playwright and storywriter who wrote in Hindi and Urdu. Born on 31st of July 1880 at a village named, Lamahi near Benares, that falls in the Indian state Uttar Pradesh. though he is popularly known as Premchand but his actual name was Nawab or Dhanpat. Premchand was h is pseudonym, which he contracted in the year 1910 in invest to ward off the wrath of British- India Government, after the government confiscated his work titled, Sojay Waton. He was bound to take pseudonym as he was in the threshold of his career. In one hand, his passion was writing and on other hand he was working as a teacher in government school. Due to his family problems he couldnt give up the job and due to his passion, he couldnt resist himself from writing. Finally he found a neutral solution and that was to adopt a pseudonym. His father was an ordinary man. His father was a poorly paid postal employee. Like other children, Premchands childhood also passed away playing, which is a blessing of the age of innocen... ...ma O Ham Sawab), Vardaan (Hindi, Jalwa-e-Isar in Urdu), Sevadadan (Hindi, Bazar-e-Hisn in Urdu), Remashrama (Hindi, Gosha-e-Afiyat in Urdu), Pratijnan, Nrimala, Gaban, Rangabhumi, Kayakalpa, Karmabhumi, Godaan and the unfinished Magalsutra. He wr ote several memorable short stories like Kafan, many of them brought in concert in collections, for example, Soze-vatan. Premchand wrote on social issues like child widowhood, prostitution, and exploitation of the peasant by the landlord and on the freedom movement taking place all approximately him. His solutions were idealistic, but his great contribution lies in posing the question at that point in time, and through the medium of novels and short stories which had till then been curtail to romance. Premchand used literature for the importance purpose of arousing public awareness about national and social issues.

Full Wave Rectifier

5AR4 Full Wave Rectifier The 5AR4 is a heater-cathode twin diode designed for full-wave rectifier opertion. High output current and small size make this tube especially suitable for compact amplifier designs. ELECTRICAL Cathode coated unipotential dope Voltage AC or DC 5. 0 0% Volts Heater Current . 1. 9 Amps MECHANICAL Base .. Intermediate-Shell Octal 5 pin Bulb T-9, 1 3/16 max. dia. Max. overall length . 7/16 inch Max. seated height . 2 7/8 inch Max. diameter .. 1 9/32 inch Mounting Position any RECTIFIER SERVICE MAXIMUM RATINGS Design Center Values Peak Inverse Plate Voltage 700 Volts AC Plate-Suppl Voltage per Plate .. See Rating map 1 Steady-State Peak Plate Current per Plate 825 mA Transient Peak Plate Current per Plate, Max. Duration 2 Seconds 3. 7 Amps DC create Current . See Rating Chart 1 TERMINAL CONNECTIONSPin 1 Pin 2 Pin 4 Pin 6 Pin 8 Internal Connection Heater Plate Number 2 Plate Number 1 Heater and Cathode (Revised 6/3/99) P E N T A L A B O R A T O R I E S 9740 COZYCROFT path * CHATSWORTH * CALIFORNIA 91311 (800) 421-4219 * (818) 882-3872 * FAX (818) 882-3968 ELECTRON TUBES FOR INDUSTRY 5AR4 Full-Wave Rectifier Design-Maximum take accounts are limiting values of operating and environmental conditions applicable to a bogey tube of a specified type as defined by its published data, and should not be exceeded under the worst possible conditons.The tube manufacturer chooses these values to show acceptible servicability of the tube, taking responsibility for the effects of changes on operationg conditions due to variations in tube characteristics. The equipment manufacturer should design so that initially and throughout life no design-maximum value for the intended service is expected with a bogey tube under the worst possible conditions with respect to supply-voltage variation, equipment component variation, equipment control adjustment, load variation, signal variation, and environmental conditions.FULL-WAVE RECTIFIER WITH CAPACIT OR-INPUT FILTER AC Plate-Supply Voltage per Plate, RMS .. 450 Total Plate-Supply Resistance per Plate 160 DC Output Current 225 DC Output Votlage at diffuse insert .. 475 550 200 160 620 Volts Ohms mA Volts FULL-WAVE RECTIFIER WITH CHOKE-INPUT FILTERAC Plate-Supply Voltage per Plate, RMS .. 450 Filter Input Choke .. 10 DC Output Current 250 DC Output Votlage at Filter Input .. 375 Tube Voltage Drop Ib=225 mADC per Plate 7Volts 550 10 225 465 Volts Henrys mA Volts To simplify the application of the maximum ratings to circuit design, the Design-Maximum ratings are presented in a chart form as Ratings Charts 1, 2, and 3. Rating Chart 1 presents the maximum ratings for a-c plate supply voltage and d-c output current. Rating Chart 2 provides a snug method for checking confornance with the steady-state peak-plate current rating. Rating Chart 3 offers a convenient method for checking conformance with the

Marketing Essay

Crispy make noises main problem is that they havent advertised their product in many years. Since then the get market has changed a lot and has a real high multi-tasking behaviour. It is hard to pin point the exact needs and wants of this culture anymore except for nonp aril thing, they atomic number 18 all told very technologically routed. With the internet at our finger tips, TV whenever we want, and smartphones in everyones pocket. That is the only thing you can buoy really believe on this day in age.The chocolate bar market is mature and experiences only modest growth annually. There are 4 major players all with similar marketing strategies find something unique in the product and promote it. Chocolate bars can be found in the resembling locations and are sold at very similar prices so they must use marketing communications to distinguish themselves. Crispy Crunch has had little to none in the last five years.Crispy Crunchs goal is to break into the top ten again and inc rease market deal out from 3.5% to 4% in spite of appearance 12 months. The current awareness of Crispy Crunch is 35% among the purpose market, which must increase significantly in order to increase market share and profits.My main recommendation is to reach out to the target market using the only real linking factor among them the internet. I think rich media is the best way of life to reach this audience because it makes use of technology and is available to audiences of many different tastes and lifestyles at all hours of the day.Search advertising is when an advertiser is listed within or aboard search results in exchange for paying a fee each time someone clicks on the listing in those search results. If Crispy Crunch were to apply that type of advertising they could buy such lyric as chocolate, crispy, or delicious. When someone searched a phrase with these words they would see Crispy Crunchs ad.Pros This is a great way to advertise since you only play for the clicks you get. It is available 24/7 to a life-size audience and 80% of all internet traffic begins at a search engine.Cons This form of advertising can be an annoyance to consumers, therefore they twist put off the product.Rich Media Rich media Incorporates animation, sound, video and interactivity into the advertising messages, like a short commercial. Marketers have found that a 10-second ad is the maximum pleasing length for an online video ad, and if it is to be viewed entirely it must be entertaining.Pros The similarity to television makes it attractive to traditional advertisers. Many TV shows are now beingness viewed online these ads are often placed at the beginning, between scenes and at the end. They are available 24/7 to a large audience.Cons Sometimes it can be hard to make an ad interesting in that short of a time frame. Some viewers find these ads to be an annoyance.Mobile Advertising Advertisers are trying to capitalize on the popularity of cell phones by sending ads via textual matter message. Marketers interested in reaching younger targets are getting involved with text messaging. They are asking consumers to get involved with their brands by running promotions that include short codes with their marketing material, often found on posters, packaging, bottle caps, etc. Consumers can enter or scan codes to participate in contests, download free music, and get ring tones and prizes.Pros This is a great way to advertise because of the speed, directness, portability, and low cost. It is very common with younger target markets.Cons These messages are often seen as an annoyance and intrusive and are too closely related to telemarketing. Some of these ads may charge cost the consumer for the data they use. RecommendationsI recommend that Crispy Crunch begins advertising with the use of rich media. I think this is best suited to reach their target group which has a high multi-tasking behaviour. Many people in the age group of 18-29 year olds have hectic schedules and are now watching episodes of their ducky shows online because they are not always able to watch it and this form of television has allowed them a more flexible lifestyle around their shows schedule.Rich media also provides 24/7 access, it can reach many people at once and it is not as invasive or annoying at other methods of advert such as direct response, text message or email while still being very cost effective.I would also move Crispy Crunch to stick with their previous slogan The only thing as good as your Crispy Crunch is someone elses. as puff up as the general message of the campaign. The ads were short, funny, and to the point. I think that the people in their target market have most likely never seen the previous ads or have forgotten about them. Sometimes bringing gage the old is very well received. A&W did very well bringing back the vintage vibe of their restaurants. The ads from the 1989 campaign were very well received and upped market share then a nd Im sure they could do it again with the same overall message, they just need the attention.

Adolescent Sex

The prevalence of teenage pregnancy in the society and the alarming increase of such are often perceived to be caused by inadequate government and educational programs about sex. While most people continuously adhere to this idea, the role and responsibilities of parents in their childs knowledgeable quandaries, to nigh extent is set behind the veracity of the problem. Some parents even exhibit lack of authority over their children by allowing them to have sex at home.As a parent your basic instinct is to weigh the consequences when your child is already engaged in premarital sex or if his or her relationship is already progressing on that direction. On the affirmative side of the scale, todays liberal society demonstrates that everyone is doing it and it is part of your childs learning experience.The unconstructive scale on the opposite hand, carries out issues on morality, sexually transmitted diseases and pregnancy. Instead of allowing them to engage in premarital sex inside yo ur home, provide your parental guidance by tenet them abstinence-only sex education which emphasizes morality and having sex within the boundaries of marriage (Religion and Ethics Newsweekly, Episode 823).This will establish a platform for your children to know that having sex at a very young age and outside the sanctity of marriage can result to heavy emotional and physical costs which are not only limited to diseases and pregnancy but is also a ground to bring into a halt their supposed bright future.Though, an open communication with your children regarding their sexual experiences is a great start to take a hold of them when they are already engaged in sexual activities, allowing them to do it in your home is illicit and inappropriate decision to make as their parent and guardian.The foremost situation of your children living in your house and exclusively depending on you to fill their stomachs are comforting evidences that they still are not capable of taking care of themsel ves and their actions to include having premarital sex.ReferencesPBS, February 4, 2005 Religion & Ethics Newsweekly, Episode 823 Retrieved on 2009-21-02

Reading in the English Literary Heritage-response to Shakespeare Essay

Write an essay, which foc habituates on the char player of chick Macbeth as presented in act five, mental picture one and the scenes lede up to the despatch of King Duncan.In act five, scene one the audience calculates one of the many facets of noble cleaning woman Macbeths complex character as she is seen to be sleepwalking, charm being c arefully observed by her waiting gentlewoman and a compensate of physic. Her gentlewoman embarks this deranged behaviour, when she says, Lo you, here she uprises. This is her guise and, upon my life, loyal asleep. There are many possibilities to be explored that could be found to be the impetus bringing bird Macbeth to sleepwalk. The first being that in Shakespeares clip a person found to be sleepwalking meant that bad hard liquor and demons possessed them. dame Macbeth played a forceful role in the scheming, sure-footedial information up to the execution of Duncan and was heavily involved in the event itself. In act two, scene two exasperated with Macbeth, brothel keeper Macbeth takes the daggers to smear Duncans ocellus on his servants faces. The sight of Duncans blood has had a profound center on her and in act five, scene one this becomes apparent when she says in her sleep, hitherto who would put up intellection the old man to have had so much blood in him. In saying this line she is look oning and reflecting on the act of when she placed the bloody daggers next to the guards. She is thinking ab prohibited how much Duncan bled.The image of Duncans blood on the daggers and on her hands has stuck in her brainiac and is plaguing her thoughts, so much so that she is desperate to be cleansed. The crime is lying very heavily on her conscience and her heart and she longs to be cleansed of the blood, which is symbolic of her guilt at the deeds she has committed. patch in a frantic, frenzy she says, Out damned spot Out, I say Whilst delivering this line, Lady Macbeth excessively rubs her hands in a wash ing motion. Although this is not a stage direction in the play, it is implied by the gentlewomans line, It is an accustomed run with her, to wait thus washing her hands.This action of Lady Macbeth suggests that her conscience and imagination are deceiving her causing her to have an illusive image of her hands covered in blood. She is trying to erase herself of the guilt she without delay feels at absenting Duncan. Although in Act two, scene two Lady Macbeth, says to Macbeth, A little water unobjectionables us of this deed. By this she means that with water the blood pass on wash off and they can forget that the murder ever happened. However, in act five, scene one she is distressed because she cant get relinquish of the vision of blood and the feeling of guilt. She says, What, depart these hands neer be clean? This rhetorical question is most a statement from Lady Macbeth in a state of desperation questioning whether she allow ever be able to be rid of the guilt at what sh e has through with(p).All passim this scene Lady Macbeth is in a state of mental turmoil and most of her deepest, most hugger-mugger thoughts and feelings are revealed. Subtly this illustrates how men and women in Shakespeares judgment of conviction had vastly different roles. Lady Macbeth has no one to talk to with a head full of anxieties, regrets and confusion. She is isolated and alone. Her thoughts around the murder and how remote Macbeth has become are driving her mad, which is manifested by her sleepwalking.Whereas Macbeths worrys are displayed in act three, scene four at a banquet, when Macbeth is unnerved at his minds illusion of Banquos ghost. These feelings of Macbeth are presentationn at an extremely public event, a banquet surrounded by both(prenominal) his lords and important men in society. However Lady Macbeths fears are revealed in the private setting of her bedroom. She has to be much more conservative than Macbeth as it is her role to be in public stabl e. Macbeth is permitted to expose his true sentiments, because he is king and furthermore because he is a man.In the time before the murder, Lady Macbeth loved life and she and Macbeth had the perfect partnership. They truism each other as equals and were both ambitious and secure in their relationship and their position in society, although Lady Macbeth was continuously striving for more.Despite every this, after the murder they have drifted apart. They no longer control things together and the emotional distance between them means Lady Macbeth fears what her despot preserve will do next because she feels she no longer knows him as she erstwhile did.Evidence of this can be found in the fragmented language she uses when sleepwalking, that echoes her own and Macbeths words about past murders Duncan, Lady Macduff and Banquo. Her tortured imagination peregrinates over past conversations she has had with Macbeth. At first she ponders on the murder of Duncan, One, two. why then tis time to dot. Which is referring to what Macbeth says to her in act two scene two, just before he goes to carry out the murder, I go and it is done. The bell invites me.Then she turns her attentions to the murder of Lady Macduff and her children, she says, The thane of Fife had a wife. Where is she now? Following this she relives what she says to Macbeth at the banquet in reassurance to convince him that he cant see Banquo. Banquos buried he cannot come out ons grave. However, Lady Macbeth continuously goes back to the murder of Duncan, which implies that compared to the other murders she was most affected by it. This is because she was heavily involved so it was when her state of mind and all the different aspects of her life changed suddenly and dramatically.Repeatedly Lady Macbeth restates lines that she said to Macbeth in a desperate attempt to re-establish the connection that she and Macbeth once had. As Macbeth no longer seems to exist for her, she has become extremely isolate d and in saying lines much(prenominal) as, Come, come, give me your hand. She is yearning for the security of her own marriage.While sleepwalking, Lady Macbeth carries with her a candle. As suggested in her gentlewomans line, She has elation by her continually, tis her command. Lady Macbeth is frightened of darkness and always needs the security of light around her. This whitethorn be because Duncans murder was committed at night in darkness and she is frightened of his ghost or of being polish off herself in darkness. However it is a strong contrast to the start of the play, Act 1 Scene 5 where she pleads for darkness, so she and Macbeth can murder Duncan. Come, thick night, and give out thee in the dunnest smoke of hell, that my keen knife see not the wound it get down. It is excessively a contrast of the personality and state of mind of Lady Macbeth at the beginning of the play she is a strong, confident, motivated and ambitious woman and the driving force behind Macbeth. H owever as the play develops she becomes less assertive, and more unsettled.Lady Macbeth thought that once the murder of Duncan was accomplished and completed, it would be finished and she and Macbeth would become successful rulers of Scotland. She reflects on this thought in act five, scene one, by saying, Who knows it, when none can call our power to account? Nevertheless only one part of this dream of the future has come to life and that is that she and Macbeth are rulers of Scotland. Duncans murder was far from the end of that series of events for Lady Macbeth instead it has provoked lots and changed everything. The sleepwalking portrays this and shows that she is unsettled, maybe because of her unfulfilled dreams.The audience is shown some other feature of Lady Macbeths character in act five, scene one. Her sentiments are expressed with a simplistic use of language, with the use of prose as opposed to verse. For example, Heres the relish of blood still all the perfumes of Arab ia will not sweeten this little hand. O, O, O. This uncovers what Lady Macbeth is truly feeling in her heart and head. Her human emotions are also demonstrated about her regret at the amount of bloodshed, and the audience sees her as not just a manipulator but as scared, vulnerable and busted woman. Her gentlewoman says in sympathy for her, I would not have such as heart in my bosom for the dignity of the whole body.The presence of the doctor and the waiting gentlewoman add to the effectiveness of this scene by the way they react to what Lady Macbeth is doing and saying. When the doctor realises what Lady Macbeth is reliving and saying about the murders he is unsure, dismay and cant pull wizard of it. Whereas the waiting gentlewoman already knew about the murders from Lady Macbeths sleepwalking in the past and she knows she could be in serious trouble if the doctor tells anyone what he has discovered. She says to the doctor, Neither to you, nor anyone, having no witness to confi rm my speech.However the doctor and the waiting gentlewoman are both innocent onlookers on the situation and have mixed emotions. Whereas they are both horrified at what they hear, they cant make sense of it and feel commiseration for Lady Macbeth and how troubled she is. The doctor says, My mind she has mated and amazed my sight. And, The heart is sorely charged. This all adds to the effectiveness of the scene because it shows a normal persons reaction to what has happened to Lady Macbeth, which also shows a contrast to the audience between her uneasy and almost insane character and that of a sane, rational person. This enhances Lady Macbeths character for the audience.Further more when the doctor says, This disease is beyond my practice. More needs she the divine than the physician. There is a feeling of sadness and sympathy from him. This provokes the alike feelings from the audience. In the first half of the play the audience saw Lady Macbeth as a strong, female character, (re lative to Shakespeares times) and now they see that she has a tyrant of a husband, who has no conscience and she is bearing all the guilt of their actions for both of them. I believe that Shakespeare wanted to affect the audience in this scene and make them have some sympathy for Lady Macbeth.The dramatic function of the presence of the doctor and waiting gentlewoman in this scene is to narrate to the audience the scenes events and let off to them what is happening. The doctor gives detailed descriptions of what is happening, for example, Look how she rubs her hands. It is then the waiting gentlewoman who commentates further and emphasizes the events, and also adding some further information, beyond the scene, such as, It is an accustomed action with her, to seem thus washing her hands I have known her continue in this a quarter of an hour. This gives the audience additional information about the events, which increases the effect of the scene because it is delving into the reasons of Lady Macbeths increasing uneasiness.One could consider that Shakespeares dramatic intent of placing this scene at this point in the play is to show the transformation and variation in Lady Macbeths character. Prior to this scene in the play the audience sees Lady Macbeth as a strong, ambitious, female. Throughout act five, scene one Shakespeare reminds the audience of the past events leading up to the murder of Duncan and how Lady Macbeth has come to be so disrupted, unsettled and disturbed.The scene summarizes previous events, while also depicting Lady Macbeths state of mind to the audience and showing the transformation of her character. Act five, scene ones dramatic purpose is to be in a position to be able to be a conclusive scene of the beginning of the plays events, before moving on to the gloam of Macbeth.The opening scene of the play grabs the audiences attention as three witches appear on stage. The witches would have scared an audience in Shakespeares times because t hey was a strong belief in superstition but nowadays it takes a lot more to scare an audience. In act one, scene one briefly the witches arrange a meeting with Macbeth on a heath. When shall we three meet again? In thunder, lightning, or in rain? To which the answer is, Upon the heath. There to meet with Macbeth.In act one, scene two Macbeth is stridently introduced as a heroic, strong character by the Captain of a battle, in which Macbeth defeats the rebel enemy Macdonald, personally killing him against the odds. For brave Macbeth-well he deserves that name-disdaining fortune, with his brandished steel, which smoked with bloody execution. Reflecting on this King Duncan sentences a traitor, the Thane of Cawdor and awards this title to Macbeth. No more that Thane of Cawdor shall deceive. Go judge his present death and with his former title greet Macbeth. What he hath lost, noble Macbeth hath won.The witches are re-introduced to the audience in act one, scene three, this time on t he heath in foul weather, which serves to increase the dramatic effect. They are waiting for Macbeth to come. The witches are evil women, who plan to use their power. As they wait for Macbeth they plot to badgering a sea captain whose wife has tormented them, by describing terrible things, which makes the start of the scene quite violently disturbing, with a threatening atmosphere.Macbeths reaching is signalled by a drum, A drum, a drum Macbeth doth come. Says the third witch. As Macbeth enters for the first time in the play, with fellow warrior Banquo, his initial words are, So foul and fair a day I have not seen. Immediately this establishes a connection between Macbeth and the witches, as their lines in the opening scene were, attractive is foul, and foul is fair. Also the witches are called the werd sisters, and in Anglo-Saxon mythology, werd sisters were the goddesses of destiny who predicted the future.When Macbeth and Banquo enter they are puzzled as to what these beings a re with such a revolting appearance, Banquo describes them, So withered and so wild in their attire, that look not like thinhabitants othearth. Each at once her choppy flip laying upon her skinny lips you should be women and yet your beards forbid me to interpret that you are so. What happens next is very significant for the rest of the play. The witches prophecy about Macbeth and his future and then at his request, Banquo, All hail Macbeth, hail to thee, Thane of Glamis. Thane of Cawdor. That shalt be king hereafter.They predict that Macbeth will have these titles and that Banquos descendants will be kings, but he himself will not. Thou shalt get kings, though thou be none. Then refusing to answer Macbeths questions the witches vanish in front of Macbeth and Banquo, leaving them shocked, bewildered and discombobulated. The witches come to Macbeth at exactly the right moment and place to shock him. He is fresh from the killings at the battle and his raw ambition is hungry for grea ter things. The witches introduce these things to him by speaking his innermost thoughts and tempting him with his own aspirations and predilections.Macbeth and Banquo are both left to reflect on what the witches have just said to them and to try to make some sense of it when Ross enters, telling Macbeth of his new title, Thane of Cawdor, He bade me, from him, call thee Thane of Cawdor In which addition, hail most worthy thane, for it is thine. This shocks Macbeth, as he says, almost accusingly, Why do you dress me in borrowed robes? Then, later in the scene three, Macbeth exposes his initial thoughts in an aside to the audience about the witches prophecy and how there moral implications have affected him.Macbeths mind is in turmoil, as he battles with his conscience and his desires over how he should behave in response to the witches prophecy. He is disturbed and horrified at the thought of killing Duncan, as they have great respect for each other, but he desperately wants to becom e king, that is his deepest ambition and desire, Why do I yield to that suggestion, whose horrid image doth unfix my hair and make my seated heart knock at my ribs against the use of nature? However he resolves with himself to stick out the future and the changes it will bring, If fate will have me king, why chance may crown me without my stir. Whereas Banquo uses the imagery of clothes to elucidate Macbeths, rapt. He says, red-hot honours come upon him like our strange garments, cleave no to their mould, but with the aid of use.During act one, scene four, Duncan reveals and announces that his own son, Malcolm is to be heir to the throne. This irritates and appalls Macbeth if Duncan had not named Malcolm as his heir, the thanes would have elected the next king after Duncans death, and as Macbeth is a honoured warrior, there was a possibility he would have been elected. The audience sees another facet to Macbeths character when in an aside he says about his annoyance, That is a st ep on which I must fall down, or else oerleap, for in my way it lies. Stars, hide your fires, let not see my black and deep desires, the eye wink at the hand. These lines really seal Macbeths evil intentions and it is maybe what makes him decide, definitely that he will be king, whatever the consequences are for others and him.When the audience first sees Lady Macbeth in act one, scene five, she is reading Macbeths letter in which his meeting with the witches is described to her, They met me in the day of success, and I have learned by the perfectest report they have more in them than somebody knowledge. In reading the letter further, Lady Macbeth learns of the witches prophecy and that the first, that Macbeth will become Thane of Cawdor has been fulfilled almost right away. Previously Macbeth has demonstrated his disgust at the thought of the murder of Duncan and the consequence and repercussions it would have.After reading the letter Lady Macbeth reinforces these emotions and thou ghts by saying in her first soliloquy, Glamis thou art, and Cawdor, and shalt be what thou art promised. Lady Macbeth knows her husband is ambitious and passionate about his dreams of kingship, but she also knows and feels that he is too fair and conscientious about what is wrong and what is right. She says, I do fear thy nature it is too full othmilk of human kindness to catch the nearest way. We know Lady Macbeth and Macbeth are great partners, who grant everything, and know each other inside- out, and this is confirmed in Macbeths letter when he refers to her as, My dearest partner of greatness.However, taking this into account Lady Macbeth realises that to become pantywaist of Scotland and to realise her own and Macbeths dreams she will have do or sacrifice anything to get this. She says, What thou wouldst highly, that wouldst holily wouldst not play false, and yet wouldst wrongly win. formula this it appears as though Lady Macbeths naked ambition is almost stronger than her husbands. She seems to disregard morals in order to get what she wants and has unbelievably strong obstinance and determination. Once she has decided Macbeth will be king, then she starts to introduce supernatural forces and the idea of inviting in evil spirits to help her succeed. That I may displace my spirits in thine ear and chastise with the valour of my tongue.It is when Lady Macbeth is told of Duncans plans to visit the castle that her ambition and wickedness bloom and become very apparent. She knows that this is her chance to seize the moment and facilitate Macbeths future role as king of Scotland. In her second soliloquy she summons up her evil spirits in the form of magic to assist her with her murderous plans for Duncan. She refers to a raven, which is a bird, seen as an evil omen and then she says, Come, you spirits that tend on lethal thoughts, unsex me here and fill me from the crown to the toe top full of direst cruelty make thick my blood, stop up thaccess and ch aracterization to remorse. In saying this, it is clear that she no longer just wants to be an ambitious and dominant woman, her desire is to become evil personified, pitiless and with no sense of morals.She says, Come to my womans breasts and take my milk for gall, you murdring ministers. She is saying that she wants her breasts to be full of poison, rather than the milk of human kindness. Which is what she described Macbeth as having. Lady Macbeth closes her speech with triumph, summoning night, death and hell. She pleads for a disguise for the crime that she and Macbeth will commit. Come, thick night, and pall thee in the dunnest smoke of hell, that my keen knife see not the wound it makes, nor heaven peep through the blanket of the dark. Lady Macbeth almost seems to have changed from an ambitious, forceful woman into an evil woman, harbouring evil spirits and thoughts. However in reality she is still a mortal woman, whose actions will cause her to suffer great consequence and rem orse.As Macbeth enters, Lady Macbeth greeting echoes that of the witches. Great Glamis, worthy Cawdor, great than both by the all-hail hereafter. This suggests that she now has formed a connection with the dark side and that evil spirits really are deeply entwined in her thoughts and actions. The instant she starts a conversation with Macbeth, she makes it clear what is going to happen to Duncan that night, O never shall sun that morrow see. She is implying in her words that after that night Duncan will never see sunlight again, because he will be dead. Lady Macbeth instructs Macbeth to, Look like thinnocent flower, but be the serpent undert. She makes an analogy, in which she compares Macbeth to be a serpent, which is biblically an evil creature. Then she takes control of the situation and Macbeth with a strong sense of purpose and character that is ruthless, To alter favour ever is to fear. Leave all the rest to me.When Duncan arrives at the castle in scene six Lady Macbeth confi dently leads him inside and to his death with a sense of triumph. Your servants ever have theirs, themselves, and what is theirs in count to make audit at your highness pleasure, still to ease up to your own. However during this time, leading up to the murder Lady Macbeth continuously has to reinforce her plans, braveness and strong will onto Macbeth, who shows reluctance in accepting it. At the start of scene seven, Macbeth is seen to be agonising relentlessly with his conscience over killing Duncan and the consequences it will incur. He wrestles with his conscience, saying, If it were done when tis done, then twere well it were done quickly. Then he has a change of heart saying, Hes here in image trust First, as I am his kinsman and his subject, strong both against the deed then as his host, who should against his murderer shut the door, not bear the knife myself.This private reasoning continues until, finally Lady Macbeth appears and puts a stop to it. At first Macbeth refuses to do the murder, saying, We will proceed no further in this business. However his efforts are wasted on her as she turns angrily on him and we see her become a manipulating, strong willed woman again. Immediately she turns things around on Macbeth and simply points out that he implied that the murder was the only thing to do. Was the hoe drunk? Hath it slept since?And wakes it now to look so green and pale at what it did so freely? From this time, such I account thy love. She also says that if he is taking back all the things he said, she will assume that that is true about how strongly he loves her. This would endure Macbeth and also come as quite a surprise as they have such an intense and loving relationship. Then more effectively she torments Macbeth about his masculinity by calling him a coward. Live a coward in thine own esteem. She knows Macbeth well enough to know that will upset him because he is publicly known as a heroic warrior, however it doesnt get the reaction she wants as he points out to her that he is merely a man. I dare do all that may become a man who dares do more is none.Furthermore Lady Macbeth makes the ultimate taunt to persuade her husband to kill Duncan by saying she would kill their child. I have given suck and know how tender tis to love the babe that milks me I would, while it was make a face in my face, have plucked my nipple from his boneless gums and dashed the brains out, had I sworn as you have done this. In saying this Lady Macbeth is contend her womanliness against Macbeths manliness by saying she would make the ultimate sacrifice to keep the promise he has made. She makes the point that she once was a mother, and she could remember the overwhelming love she felt for her child, but she would have given it all up to make Macbeth king. Lady Macbeth is also clever in realising she needs to use violent, disturbing, grotesque imagery for Macbeth as a shock tactic to convince him to murder Duncan, as this night is their per fect opportunity.At this point Macbeth offers no granting immunity to his wifes strength and force over him, as he knows he will not overcome her determination and extreme assertiveness, Bring onward men-children only, for thy undaunted mettle should compose nothing but males. He only questions what should happen if they were to fail, which she replies in an extremely optimistic, self assured and almost over confident manner, Who dares receive it other, as we shall make our griefs and clamour roar upon his deathThe plan for the murder is organised and in act one, scene seven Macbeth leaves to complete it saying, almost wearily and sadly, I go and it is done. The bell invites me. Hear it not, Duncan, for it is knell that summons thee to heaven or hell. In act two, scene two, exhilarated by alcoholic beverage and anticipation Lady Macbeth awaits her husband to confirm that the murder is done. That which hath made them drunk, hath made me bold what hath quenched them, hath given me f ire. She has drugged Duncans bodyguards, but is afraid that Macbeth may have been too cowardly to carry out the murder. I have drugged their possets, that death and nature do contend about them, whether they live, or die. It is then, when Lady Macbeth reveals her single weakness up until this point, which is why she couldnt or wouldnt murder Duncan herself, Had he not resembled my father as he slept, I had donet. This is another facet of her character shown, as we start to see her humane side exposed and vulnerable.Following this Macbeth returns to Lady Macbeth to say he has completed the murder in a terrible state of remorse and fear of what will punish him of the crime he has just committed. Wherefore I could not pronounce Amen? I had most need of blessing, and Amen stuck in my throat. He is obsessively panicky because he cannot say Amen. It is then, that Lady Macbeth regains control of the situation and transforms into an iron willed woman again in order to hold Macbeth together. She says to him in an ironic and impatient manner, dismissing his hallucinations of a voice crying he had murdered sleep, These deeds must not be thought after these ways so, it will make us mad. It is then when she sees that Macbeth has brought the bloody daggers back from the scene of the murder that she implicates herself and gets further involved with the murder Macbeth refuses to return the daggers so she says, Give me the daggers. The sleeping and the dead are but as pictures tis the eye of childhood that fears a painted devil. If he do bleed, Ill order of magnitude the faces of the grooms withal, for it must seem their guilt.From this point onwards Lady Macbeth and Macbeths relationship starts to change as they drift apart emotionally and physically. Their personas are dramatically reverse as Lady Macbeth who was once an iron willed, passionate, ambitious woman becomes extremely deranged and depressed. Her character develops and changes throughout the play as she is transfo rmed from an ambitious, powerful woman to someone is full of regret and with a heart full of foreboding, which lies very heavily on her conscience. Paradoxically, Macbeths characteristics, his strong sense of morals and fairplay and a clear conscience are replaced with a tyrant personality and where little or no remorse at the taking of other peoples lives.

Strategy Marketing Report on K&N’s

K&Ns, a founding pillar and beacon for Pakistans Poultry Industry started in 1964 with a single minded physical object of providing better nutrition for health and happiness of the nation. Building on years of poultry expertise and commitment to food-safety, K&Ns integrated only poultry production activities under one umbrella to bring you safe and healthy chicken by managing and controlling all stages of production.Products. K&Ns markets layer and broiler hatching-eggs, layer and broiler, day-old chicks, poultry feed, processed chicken and ready-to-cook & fully cooked food. I selected only the ready to cook category of K&Ns which include Nuggets, Croquettes, Chicken Tempura, Burger Patties, Kofta, Combo wings, Fun nuggets, Hot T sackers, Chapli Kabab, Harey Bharey Nuggets and Tender Pops. Distribution Products are stored at -21?C to maintain freshness. Packed products are moved into K&Ns sanitized refrigerated trucks for distribution to ensure uncompromising quality control.K&Ns c hicken products are available at K&Ns Chicken Stores and leading retailers and also delivered to quality and food-safety conscious institutions such as hotels, restaurants, airlines, clubs and international restaurant chains. trade share Market share of K&Ns is some 70% (on average) in ready to cook food category. At Hyper Star almost 80% volume buy K&Ns products. At CSD almost 60% people buy K&Ns products and at Macro almost 75% people buy this brand. This is the highest market share and at this time it is the leading brand in this category.Where the brand stands? The brand is growing rapidly day by day due to the customer satisfaction and the product is according to the customers requirement as well as they are targeting contrary segments of the markets like children and the vegetarians. Positive points of its product From the customer view point K&Ns is providing healthy food. It is easy to cook especially it facilitates the working women because they male parentt have much time to make all those things in home. They are targeting the children as well through fun nuggets so women are using for their children lunch.This brand provides the hygienic food to its customer that build trust in the customer. Moreover the taste of K&Ns food is superior whence others. These attributes are increasing its market share and this brand is growing. Competitors Competitors of K&Ns are Menu and Mano salwa. Both of these brands couldnt make its brand painting as strong as K&Ns has. Secondly they are not providing that level of customer satisfaction that K&Ns is providing. Target market The company is targeting different age groups as well as different income groups.Their prices are normal so even a diaphragm class person can afford it. They are targeting elite upper middle and middle class. On the age basis, they are targeting children as well as the young people. Conclusion K&Ns is a largest selling brand in ready to cook food category. They are focusing more and m ore on the fully cooked products for the ease of customers with the special focus on the hygiene factor. It is the brand that provide value product to its customer. There market starts with the customers and end with the customer. This is the main reason for their market share and market growth

Mobile Phone Addiction Essay

The mobile forebode is one of the greatest invention in 20th century. We can not imagine how is our sprightliness without the mobile prognosticate. It is an obvious truth that the mobile phone gives us benefits in some aspects of life. Using mobile phone distributes our converse to make it easier than before. Besides a mobile phone can provide us with a serving of functions like relaxing with music, chatting or playing games. However, today muckle especially small people are becoming addicted to using the mobile phone. They can not stay away from their phones, even for a minute. Perhaps, beca utilize of the benefits of the mobile phones, most people do not realize lots of negative effects that the mobile phone has brought to us. Using mobile phones too much not only doctors our health seriously but also sires some personal problems and limiting communication face to face. In the high-tech world, the mobile phones are equipped with all indispensable functions. People can cha t unitedly for hours whenever they have time. They talk together from hour to hour, from day to day. As a result, using mobile phone for a long time affects our health.Do you know how hazardous the wave from the cell phone is for our brain? The waves from cell phone are very harmful to our physical body such as our heart and brain. A recent study tells that our brain is seriously damaged when using mobile phone too much. drive home you ever experienced the headache with talking on the cell phone for a long time? It is the wave from the mobile phone that causes the headache. Due to the danger of the cell phone wave to our brain, using phones too much can cause a poor memory. Besides, the wave of cell phones is very strong so it can cause heart disease if we keep cell phone near our body, especially under the pillow while sleeping. With many functions of the cell phone, the schoolboyish can listen to music anytime they want. By using a headphone, people can enjoy some video, some music all time without testy anyone. However, one effect of listening by earphones for a long time is that it damages our ear, even it can cause deaf.Moreover, the excessive use of cell phones causes teens and progeny adults to experience restlessness and it can make them feel difficult to fall asleep. It is an obvious fact that using cell phones too much can affect our brain, because sleep loss and damage our ears. Our life is becoming more and more convenient and the mobile phone has become an indispensable and inseparable object. People use mobile phones in all(prenominal) daub, every time to manage their business. They talk on the cell phone when working, even when they are on the road. A lot of drivers listen to cell phone conversations while they are driving on the road. Consequently, they can cause dangerous accidents for other drivers on the road. Getting caught up in conversations on a cell phone can lead to the loss of focusing and highly distracted driving. Furthermo re, it is generally observed that drivers using cell phones a lot forget to give proper signals disobey street signs and tend to cut lanes without warning. It is such a careless driving that results in many crashes and fatalities every day. Therefore, our political relation should give the law to ban drivers from using mobile phones while driving.Besides, another result of using phones too much is the expenses for cell phone cards every month. We often spend a lot of money using mobile phone. Not only the expenses for cell phone cards, sometimes using phones in a public places also causes some problems. We can see some rude people who speak loudly in public places, particularly in libraries, trains and theatres, which break other people a lot. For example, the camera of mobile phones sometimes disturbs a persons privacy. Some people use the Bluetooth and the camera in a bad purpose. In short, using mobile phone can cause some personal problem like accidents on the road, money for cell phone cards and some trouble in public places. Mobile phone has become crucial part of our life. One of the most important functions of the phone is that it helps the communication become easier and quicker. However it also causes a lot of problem in communicating.Firstly, cell phone use has effects on the direct military personnel to human interaction. Talking on the cell phones is gradually replacing the communication face to face between people. There was a time when the purpose of a phone was to convey the important messages and not many people owned telephones. Thus, to talk together about something, they often met directly. Today owning a cell phone is held as a necessity and anyone including children have their cell phone. Therefore, the communication face to face between people is limited. Nowadays parents can be at the work place to talk to their children, to remind them of studying at school. Friends like chatting together for hours by mobile phone so they do not ha ve anything to tell together when meeting at school. It seems that using cell phones too much destroys the pleasure of direct interaction.Another effect in communicating by mobile phone is misunderstanding between people. Always, people send messages to ask for information or congratulate someone. And the problem is that sometimes they forget to type the punctuation marks or they misspell, which makes the receiver misunderstand. More seriously, this can destroy the relationship between them. Therefore, to avoid some problem in communicating by cell phone, people should be careful in using it. Mobile phone is really necessary for our life because of many convenient functions of it. However, sometimes mobile phone can cause us many problems. The advantages or disadvantages of using mobile phones depend on the way how we can use it in right ways or in wrong ways.

Why Search Engines and Databases Produce Different Types of Results

Living in the Information Age (SOS-110-OL) Writing Assignment 2 The difference amongst what evaluative and assessment reading is provided by an Internet search development Google. com and a search using EBSCOs Academic Search premier Database is extremely distinguishable. I started my searches by open two different lucre windows, Google on one and EBSCO on a nonher. My Google search and EBSCO search was articles on privacy and security on the internet. The top result from Google was ftc. gov. This page had a list of three different microsites, two did not have any articles and the otherwise one did.The article I found was on Malware. When I appraise this article from the techniques from the Berkeley site, it does not rate well. It has no author and it does not cite any sources. The one accession it does have is that it is from a . gov site. Even though it does not rate well I do think this site. The reason why I trust the site is because in the fifth step of the evaluation process, bear in mind to your gut reaction. Think about why the page was created, the intentions of its author. My gut reaction tells me the information is coming from a government cite so I trust it.The purpose of this article was to inform and educate, there were no other intentions other than to inform and educate. My top result from EBSCO was an article from Communications of the ACM called Privacy and Security as Simple as Possible, But Not More So. The authors of this article are very creditable and qualified on the topic. This article was published to inform, give facts and some opinion. The articles sources are document with footnotes throughout. Overall, this is a credible and useful source of information. It as creditable authors and all of the information was backed up with creditable sources.Like I said earlier the difference between what evaluative and assessment information is provided by an Internet search using Google. com and a search using EBSCOs Academic Search Premier Database is extremely different. Search engines locate web pages that contain the keywords that the users entered. They also put forward find articles but it tail be difficult to narrow down results. Like the search I just completed articles on privacy and security on the internet the search engines finds web pages not articles, so most of the information that came back from the search did not really pertain to what I was looking for.The database search on the other hand searched for actual articles that pertained to the subject that I was looking for, it is more than organized and easier to access. Database much like the internet have massive amounts of data in which they can pull information but databases mainly pull up stakes pull their articles from newspapers, magazines, journals and electronic reference sources so it is a more creditable source. Internet search engines and database searches can both provide good sources of information when doing searches. I found t hat the database search was more organize and had more information that pertained to my subject.

Hrm Practice in Banking Sector

pic Faculty of Business BBA Program A Thesis on Hu art object Resource heed Practices in depository financial mental situationing Sector On atomic consequence 34 blaspheme control Submitted to Md. Ashraful Haq Chowdhury ASA University Bangladesh (ASAUB) Submitted By Mir Tasnuva Tanzin BBA (Major in HRM), heap 2nd ID 073-12-0137 Date of Submission August 20, 2011 Submission subject field Dear Sir,With out-of-pocket discover I would homogeneous to in chance variable you that I project success in richly finish my Thesis Program from May 15, 2011 to August 15, 2011 at S offheast rely Limited and conducted the study on ser viciousnessman Resource Management Practice in chamfering Sector A case Study on atomic number 34 strand Ltd. Thesis Program civilizes as a bridge between the faculty member and the practical knowledge. I am very much fortunate that I got the chance to operate on with whatsoever experienced and devoted master keys. As recommended my work is base on the functional procedure of diverse desks and different departments of the verify.I tried my outdo to put meticulous effort for the prepa proportionalityn of this musical composition. Any gypcoming or flaw may arise. I go away welcome both clarification and suggestion regarding this embrace. Sincerely Yours, Mir Tasnuva Tanzin ID 073-12-0137 survey 2nd Student of BBA ASA University Bangladesh August 20, 2011 Md. Ashraful Haq Chowdhury ASA University Bangladesh. abduce Letter of Transmittal Dear Sir, Here is the tarradiddle that fulfills the partial t iodin requirements of Thesis weapons platform, which is very helpful for a student to know the activities of an presidency. This physique of report as well as gives an of the essence(predicate) guideline to do research in the future.Thank you very much for your kind supervision and cooperation without which I could not be able to complete this report. I take every opportwholey to express my gratitude to you. Th anking you Mir Tasnuva Tanzin ID 073-12-0137 Batch 2nd Student of BBA ASA University Bangladesh Acknowledgement All commendations go to Almighty Allah, the astir(predicate) merciful, most benevolent to man and his action. I would like to express my gratitude to Mr. M. A Mohit the Deputy Managing Director (DMD) of Southeast bound Ltd. for giving an opportunity to work on the take inic as student. I am greatly indebted to Mr. Md.Hamidul Islam Mia HOB of Dhanmondi Br. And HRD of Southeast intrust Ltd. for providing excellent working environment and his salutary date service in preparing this report. I get going my thanks to Mr. Saidul Islam, Mr. Reza, and Mr. Humayon of Southeast coin bank Ltd. Dhanmondi Br. Who put up their well hearted cooperation and expensive time in completing this report I am also grateful to tout ensemble the employees of Southeast Bank Ltd. Of Dahnmondi Branch as they helped me out in explaining the work practice and accompanied me through my resea rch menstruum. Fin al aney, my thanks to ASA University (ASAUB) authority for sincere ooperation and both the faculty members whose integrated effort made me capable of conducting this Thesis. executive Summery This report is an effort to recoil a clear idea near the Bunker- guests Relationship, strategies, activities and per sortance of Southeast Bank Ltd. The researcher was assigned it in the Dhanmondi Branch of Southeast Bank Limited (SEBL) as an intern. The researcher presents this report on the basis of the knowledge and experience gained during the research period. The research report is a partial fulfillment of BBA program.In the report on HRM practices in b erecting sector A case study on Southeast Bank Ltd. the overall social function of HR managers in a curse and how they play their role is presented. Human resource managers perform an distinctive set of activities that affect and influence the people who work in an government activity. These activities embroil H R preparation, byplay analysis, enlisting, natural selection, placement, fosterage and development, originationing performance assessment and compensation constitutions, and labor relation Since, the HR department plays a detain role within the presidential term it interacts with a variety of constituencies. TABLE OF CONTENTS Page Prefatory move Title Fly Title Page Later of Submission Acknowledgement Executive Summery elude of Content Report proper Chapter One- Introduction 1. 1 Background of the study 1. 2 Objective of the report 1. Methodology of the report 1. 4 Scope of the report 1. 5 Limitation of the report Chapter Tow Overview 2. 1 Historical Background of Southeast Bank Ltd. 2. 2 Special Features of the Bank 2. Board of Directors 2. 4 Management of the Bank 2. 5 Capital Structure of the Bank 2. 6 Deposits Status of the Bank 2. 7 amplification and operational results 2. 8 plectron Process 2. Mission, imaginativen ess and Objective of SEBL Chapter Three Understanding the HRM 3. 1 world- liberal imagination of HRM 3. 2 Objectives of HRM 3. 3 Basic Principles of HRM 3. Approach of HRM 3. 5 ism of HRM 3. 6 ideal electronic organ gram of HR be aftere section in a boastfully organization 3. 7 Responsibilities of HR Department in a large organization Chapter Four HR Planning & Forecasting 4. excogitation of HR readying & vaticination 4. 2 move of HR think 4. 3 HR computer programmening and the strategic planning form 4. 4 Forecasting HR claims 4. 5 Forecasting the intragroup HR Supply 4. Forecasting the External HR Supply Chapter Five Recruiting & infusion 5. 1 sentiment of Recruiting & Selection 5. 2 The Recruiting and Selection Process 5. 3 concern abstract 5. business organization Analysis Methods 5. 5 stairs in note Analysis 5. 6 A Comparative Discussion between credit line Analysis, trick Description, Job particularatio n, and Job Evaluations. 5. 7 Sources of equipment 5. 6 Internal sources 5. 7 External sources 5. 8 Methods of recruitment 5. Advantages & disadvantages of inside recruitment 5. 10 Advantage & mischief of outside(a) recruiting Chapter Six knowledge & tutorship 6. 1 Concept of rearing & Development 6. 2 Need and essential of procreation 6. Objectives of facts of life 6. 4 Guidelines and Framework to fancy a Training and Development Plan 6. 5 Training method Chapter Seven Compensation & Employee Benefits 7. 1 Concept of Compensation & Employee Benefits 7. Comp unmatchablents of the compensation transcription 7. 3 sugars vs. requital 7. 4 Establishing behave grade 7. 5 impressiveness of Job Evaluation 7. 6 Types of Employee Benefits 7. Employees Benefit Programs initiated by HRM 7. 8. Employee serve 7. 9 inducing Plans Chapter Eight Employee Relationship 8. 1 The Meaning of moral philosophy 8. 2 nerveal culture 8. Employee Discipline and privacy 8. 4 Types of Disciplinary Actions 8. 5 Disciplinary Proceeding 8. 6 Disciplinary Appeals Processes 8. 7 Disciplines without penalization 8. Managing Dismissals 8. 9 Grounds for Dismissal Chapter Nine Conclusion Bibliography Chapter 1 Introduction 1. 1 Background of the study in that honor is no doubt that the world of work is rapidly ever-changing.As part of an organization then, HRM must be prep atomic number 18d to deal with the effects of the changing world of work. For them, this factor down the stairsstanding the implications of internationalization, technology changes, workforce diversity, changing skill requirements, continual improvement initiatives, contingent workforce, decentralized work sites and employee involvement. We should look how this change is affecting HRM goals and practices. The afoot(predicate) challenge of HRM is to integrate programs involving human resources with strategic organisational accusives. More and more, organizations are under tremendous emulous pressure world wide. HR managers must set ways to develop impelling programs to meet this challenge.An otherwise important aspect of HRM is the need to ensure bell effectiveness of programs and policies through the optimal purpose of human resources. 1. 2 Objective of the report The broad objective of the report is to co-ordinate classroom knowledge with practical situation. Specific objectives of the report are ? To fulfill the course requirement of MBA program ? To acquire practical knowledge around HRM practices in banking companying concerning sector ? To have practical exposure in banking environment that will help a hoi polloi of to understand the future work life ? To analyze HRM practices in Southeast Bank Limited with classroom (theoretical) knowledge ?To recommend for improvement of animate HR policy of Southeast Bank Limited. 1. 3 Methodology of the report Methodology includes direct observat ion, face-to-face discussion with various(prenominal) executive of the bank, study of files, circulars and so on and practical work. In preparing this report, only secondary data have been determination. The demand data have been equanimous from following(a) sources- ? Employees service book of the bank ? Annual report of the bank ? Different publications regarding banking function ? Reference books from library of Stamford University Bangladesh. 1. 4 Scope of the report This report covers only human resource practices is Southeast Bank Limited.It focuses on overview of the bank including a comparative study to the highest degree standard theoretical aspect of HRM and the lively banking practices. The report also investigates the perceptions of employees of the bank toward employee benefits and development policy. 1. 5 Limitation of the report In spite of hearted cooperation from the bank officials, I faced nearly limitation in preparation the report. The major limitations are as follows reading of overall HRM practices in banking sector within just ternary months was really tough. Another limitation of this report is bank banks policy of not disclosing some data and information for obvious reason, which could be very much useful. Chapter 2 An Overview of Southeast Bank Ltd. 2. 1 Historical Background of Southeast Bank Ltd.Southeast Bank Limited is a scheduled Bank under private sector effected under the ambit of bank corporation Act, 1991 and in incorporated as a Public Limited Company under Companies Act, 1994 on March 12, 1995. The Bank started commercial banking operations effective from May 25, 1995. During this short sail of time the Bank had been successful to position itself as a progressive and dynamic financial institution in the surface area. The Bank had been widely acclaimed by the business community, from small entrepreneur to large traders and industrial conglomerates, including the top rated corporate borrowers for forward-lookin g business outlook and innovative financing solutions.Thus within this very short period of time it has been able to create a image for itself and has earned signifi idlert reputation in the countrys banking sector as a Bank with vision. It has been growing faster as iodine of the leaders of the new generation banks in the private sector in respect of business and positiveness as it is evident from the financial statements for the last 4 geezerhood. The Company Philosophy A Bank with Vision has been preciously the essence of the legend of banks success. 2. 2 Special Features of the Bank a) It has been performing accomplished commercial banking activity and striving to introduce Islamic Banking functions. ) It is the pioneer in introducing and launching different guest friendly deposit schemes to tap the nest egg of the people for channeling the same to the ingatheringive sectors of the economy. c) For uplifting the standard of life story of the limited income group of the p opulation the Bank has introduced Consumer Credit Schemes by providing financial assistance in the form of loan to the consumers for procuring household durables, which have had encouraging responses. d) The Bank is committed to continuous research and development so as to keep pace with modern banking. e) The operations of the Bank are fully computerized so as to ensure quick, prompt flawless and function to the customers. 2. 3 ProfileSoutheast Bank Limited was realized in 1995 with a dream and a vision to become a pioneer banking institution of the country and contribute signifi tailtly to the produce of the national economy. The Bank was established by leading(a) business individualalities and soaring industrialists of the country with stakes in various segments of the national economy. The incumbent Chairman of the Bank is Mr. Alamgir Kabir, FCA, a professional Chartered Accountant. Mr. M. A. Kashem a member of the Board and Mr. Yussuf Abdullah Harun were past Presidents o f the Federation of Bangladesh Chamber of Commerce and Industries (FBCCI). Southeast Bank is run by a team of efficient professionals.They create and generate an environment of trust and maintain off that bring forwards and motivates everyone in the Bank to work together for achieving the objectives of the Bank. The culture of maintaining congenial work environment in the Bank has further enabled the staff to benchmark themselves better against solicitude expectations. A commitment to quality and excellence in service is the hallmark of their identity. 2. 4 Board of Directors In SEBL the board of directors has been conceived as the sources of all power headed by its chairman. It is legislative body of the bank board piece of tail delegate its power and authority to professionals, but stand not delegate, relinquish or avoid their responsibilities.The board of directors of the bank consists of 13 members who are reputed business personalities and leading industrialists of the country. 2. 5 Management of the Bank The management team headed by the CEO, Shah Md. Nurul Alam, the President and Managing Director has to take full loan of carrying out the guidelines, rules and regulations and directions give by the board from time to time and put up all the springy information to the BOD for their knowledge and effective close making. A graphical representation of the hierarchy of the bank is in point. 2. 6 Capital Structure of the Bank The Authorized Capital of the Bank remains idempotent at Tk. 500. 00 meg.The Bank went public and floated shares of Tk. 150 million in December of the previous year which was fully subscribed, thereby raising the issued and paid-up Capital to Tk. 330 million. With the increase of paid up capital, the capital base of the Bank has become stronger. 2. 7 Deposits Status of the Bank The Bank mobilized a total deposit of Tk. 38,258. 15 million as on December 31, 2005 as against Tk. 27, 930. 8 million as on December 31, 2004 dis play an increase of 30%. The combination of combative interest rates that offered sustained deposit raising efforts of the Bank and confidence reposed by customers in the Bank resulted in this reaping of deposits.Steps are being taken to further increase the deposit base continuously at a Reduced average cost of funds. 2. 8 Profit and operational results The operating profit of the Bank increased to Tk. 665. 16 million in 2003 compared to Tk. 492. 56 million in 2002 recording an appreciable increase which was due to prudent lending and best management of funds. The Bank participated in the primary and secondary stock markets and made dole outable capital gains during the year. still the tough and cutting edge competitiveness prevailing in the market, the business of this Bank has expanded considerably compared to that of the previous year.This year the management team as well as the workforce is confidently self- receiveed to take on newer challenges with a view to reach the ambitious level of performance in respect of accomplishment of the total business activities including attainment of higher profitability of the Bank. 2. 9 Selection Process Southeast Bank Ltd recruits employees on the basis of newspaper circulation & by online e-applications programme on Southeast Bank Limiteds web site. At the e-application section nominees are obligatory to drop their CV & on the foundation of Southeast Bank Limiteds nullity & precedence candidates are required to follow their selection procedure as follows Step 1 accurate applicationThe application form is given in the online and completely fill up applications are carried forward for the preliminary test (employment test). Step 2 Employment test The Human Resource department mails the admit board to the applicators who have completed the online application successfully via post card. The questionnaire of the test is ground on mathematics, English and the respective job questions. It is usually held on 1 00 marks. The employment test typically holds in any authorities major educational center. Such as teachers train college of Dhaka, etc. Step 3 Comprehensive call into question The applicants passed in the employment pen test are called by the bank. They are mailed an invitation for the viva-voce for their post.The applicants have to bring their original educational certificates for producing the same earlier the interview committee. The certificates are tested here with the application form information. And if any disparity is found the applicant is not allowed confront the interview committee. The passed applicants are given conditional job offer. For permanent job offer they have to pass background examination & medical exam checkup test clapperclaws. Step 4 Background examination The Human Resource Department scrutinizes the background of the applicant and tries to find out all ins and outs of the respective applicant. The applicants are kept un cognise about the backgr ound examination source. Step 5 Medical testThe applicants are to go for a medical check-up to the authorized medical center Southeast Bank Ltd. Southeast Bank Limited does not carry the medical fees. It is to be carried by the applicant himself. The test report directly goes to the Human Resource Department and the applicants are not permitted to see it. Step 6 Permanent job offer If the 6th, Background examination, and the 7th Medical test, steps are passed successfully, Human Resource Department of Southeast Bank Limited sends an Appointment as probationary finishicer letter. At the amalgamation day, the applicants are bound to sign up a Letter of Undertaking for quintuple years continuous service to the bank from the date of confirmation.If he trusts before completion of 5 years affirm service or during the probation period he will have t refund to the bank 50% of total salary and allowances drawn to him 2. 9 MISSION, VISION AND OBJECTIVES OF SEBL Mission The mission of the bank is to become a highly competitive modern and transparent institution comparable to any of this kind at home and abroad. High quality financial services with state of the art technology. ? Fast customer service. ? Sustainable growth strategy. ? Follow ethical standards in business. ? Steady return on shareholders, equity. ? Innovative banking at a competitive price. ? Attract and proceed quality human resource. Commitment to Corporate Social Responsibility. Vision A Bank with Vision is the motto of Southeast Bank Limited. The vision is to be the most efficient financial intercessor in the country through reducing the investment and savings gap of the economy by savings mobilizations and encourage the pace of industrialization. The relentless locomote to achieve that vision started in 1995, since the very inception of the Bank. The journey still continues and will never stop. SBL sets a high standard for itself and every achievement of the bank is a striving agent to reach a new height. Objectives Whether in treasury, consumer, or corporate banking, SBL is committed to provide the best.Meeting the demand of discerning customers is not the sole objective. The Bank believes that to provide standard financial services is to deliver a quality that makes every transaction a pleasurable experience. The bank also believes that Customer is always right and in the nerve of everything. So providing them friendly and personalized service, tailor-made solutions for business inescapably, global reach in trade and commerce at the doorsteps and high yield on investments are the subject matter objectives of the bank. But the bank also tries to do the best in conjunction with achieving the ultimate objective of a business organization Wealth Maximization. Chapter 3Understanding the HRM 3. 1 General Concept of HRM HRM deals with the design of clump system in an organization to ensure effective and efficiency use of human talents to accomplish organizational goals. H uman Resource Management (HRM) is to refer to the philosophy, policies, procedures and practices related to the management of people within an organization. Hr management functions through which manager recruit, select, train and develop organization members. HRM is the systematic planning, development and control of network of relate cultivatees affecting and involving all members of an organization. These processes include- ? HR planning & forecasting Job & work design ? Staffing/ recruitment & selection ? Training & development ? Performance appraisal & review ? Compensation & reward ? Employee protection & representation ? formation & improvement 3. 2 Objectives of HRM The objective of HRM can be described as follows- ? To hire the right person for the job ? To reduce employee turnover ? To motive people to perform at high effort levels. ? non to waste time with useless interviews. ? To remove unfair labor practices. ? To maintain a high team spirit & better human relations inside the origination. ? To maintain organizational peace. ? To attract competent people and retain them in the organization. To recognize and satisfy individual needs. 3. 3 Basic Principles of HRM ? Treat people with respect and arrogance ? Treat people as adults ? Deal with people as complete individuals. ? Treat all employees with justice. ? get out people with justice. ? Provide people with opportunities for growth and development. ? Make people feel that they are most valuable asset for the organization. ? Rewards should be earned, not given. ? Not to underestimate the potentials of people. ? Provide people with all relevant information. 3. 4 Approach of HRM Strategic approach People are the strategic asset of an organization. People have core competency, the basis of competitive advantage.Human resource approach People are human beings with a lot of potentials and intellectual abilities. Commodity approach People are commodity. They are viewed as a cog of a machine. Proac tive approach Anticipate challenge of problem before they arise. Preventive is better than curative. 3. 5 Philosophy of HRM 1) Labor is viewed as a technical factor of production. They are treated as a commodity and they can be bought and sold. They are hired and fired at will. It is consistent with theory X. 2) Labor is viewed as human factor with a lot of positive potentials, so they must be treated with respect and dignity. This is consistent with theory Y of McGregor. 3. Standard Organ gram of HR Department in a large organization In organizations large complete to have a HR or force department, the personal director and his or her staff will play a key role in the designing and monitoring of human resources system. Larger organizations are more likely to help design and pass HR system. A full-time specialist tends to emerge when organization have about one deoxycytidine monophosphate employees. A standard structure of HR department in a large company of some(prenominal) th ousand employees is shown below Fig Structure of HR Department in a Large Organization 3. 7 Responsibilities of HR Department in a large organization Position Responsibilities VP , HR Executive committee, Organization planning, HR planning, Policy, Organization development AVP, Recruitment & Employment Recruiting, Interviewing, Testing, Placement & Termination AVP, Compensation & Benefits Job analysis and evaluation, Surveys, Performance appraisal, Compensation administration, Bonus, Profit sharing plans, Employee benefits. AVP, Training & Development Orientation, Training, Management development, Career planning & Development. AVP, Employee Relation EEO relations, Contract compliance, Staff assistance programs, Employee counseling. Chapter 4 HR Planning & Forecasting 4. 1 Concept of HR planning & forecasting HR planning is the first step in the recruiting and selection process. Human resource planning is the process of assessing the organizations human resources needs in lig ht of organizational goals and making plans to ensure that a competent stable workforce is employed. Wendell French. Personnel planning is the process of decision making what positions the firm will have to fill, and how to fill them. Gary Dessler. In the talking to of Colman Bruce (1997) HRP is the process of find out custody requirements and the means of meeting those requirements in order to carry out the integrated plan of the organization. According to the above definitions, HRP consists of the following elements ? Establishing and recognizing the future job requirement ? Identifying deficiency in harm of quantity Identifying deficiency in terms of quality& peculiar(prenominal)ation ? Identifying the sources of right type of man ? Developing the available manpower and ? Ensuring the effective utilization of workforce. 4. 2 steps of HR planning HR planning is a process involving few make ups ? incorporate HR planning with corporate planning The first stage of HR planni ng is to integrate it with corporate planning. All manpower planning stems from business plans in relation to a corporate strategy. ? Forecasting congenital & external environment The second stage in HR planning is to forecast of assess the intragroup and external environmental factors include government influences economic, geographic and competitive condition. Assessment of indispensable HR capabilities The adjoining stage is the analysis of internal inventory of HR capabilities. Assessment of internal strengths and weakness as a part of HR planning requires the current job and employees capabilities are audited and organizational capabilities are inventoried. ? Predicting & Forecasting HR demand and supply The information gathered from external environmental scanning and assessment of internal strengths and weaknesses is used to foretell of forecast HR supply and demand in light of organizational objectives and strategies. ? To locate the required HR Once the demand for HR h as been forecasted, then their availability must be identified.The fourth stage of HR planning is to locate the sources from where power required will be available. The source may be internal and external. ? Allocation of HR The closing stage of HRP is concern with allocation of human resources within organization overtime. 4. 3 HR planning and the strategic planning process HR planning should be an organic part of a firms strategic and HR planning process. The effective HR planning and strategic planning process is shown below Fig HR Planning Process 4. 4 Forecasting HR needs When a firm makes a plan for employment requirements, the firm usually needs to forecast personnel needs, the supply of inside and outside candidates.Different techniques like trend analysis, ratio analysis, and scatter plot can be used to estimate staffing needs. ? Trend analysis Trend analysis means studying origination in the firms employment levels over last five years. ? The scatter plot A Scatter plo t shows graphically how to variables business activity and firms staffing levels are related. For example, a newly established bank, which has 20 branches, expects to expand to 50 branches over the next five years. The HR director wants to forecast the requirement of manpower. The director can analyse the relationship between size of another 5 well-reported banks (in terms of number of branches) and their existing manpower. Name of banks Size (number of branch. Existing manpower Prime bank 41 1024 Dhaka bank 29 688 NCC bank 41 1000 Exim bank 28 934 Southeast bank 38 765 If the bank explosive chargefully draws in a line to minimize the distances between the line and each one of the plotted points, the bank will be able to estimate the optimum number of staff needed for each bank size.Thus, for a 50 branches bank, the HR director would assume he needs nearly 1100 staffs. ? Ratio Analysis A forecasting technique for determining future staff needs by using ratio between, for exa mple, number of customers and employee needed. 4. 5 Forecasting the Internal HR Supply Once the demand for labor is predicted, it is required to forecast the supply of labor that the organization will already have available to meet the demand. The internal supply of labor consists of all the individuals currently employed by an organization. The internal supply of labor is discharged. To predict the future supply the organization needs to maintain amanagement inventory chart and Human Resource education System (HRIS). 4. Forecasting the External HR Supply The firms cant always get all the empliyees they need from their current staff and some time they just dont want to. So, forecasting the availability of outside supply is extremely important in human resource planning. Because of the need for continuous and adequate staffing, every enterprise depends on the quality and quantity of human resources external to it. Chapter 5 Recruiting & Selection 5. 1 Concept of Recruiting & Select ion Recruiting is the process of discovering potential candidates for actual or anticipated organizational vacancies. It involves inquiring and sourcing for viable job candidates.Recruitment is the process of finding qualified people and encouraging them to apply for work with the firm. On the other hand, selection is the process of choosing among those who do apply. Once an effective recruitment program has supplied enough applicants pool the organization faces the childbed of choosing the best ones for specific jobs. 5. 2 The Recruiting and Selection Process The recruitment process putting the right people in the right positions at the right times- is one of the most exact tasks any organization faces. Throughout the recruitment process the organization attempts to sell itself to the more promising candidates that is, to influence them that the organization is a good place to work.The standard recruitment process of a large organization is Fig The Recruiting Process Personn el selection is a process of measurement, decision-making and evaluation. The goal of personnel selection system is to bring into organization individuals who will perform well on the job. The standard selection process of large organization typically consist of eight steps Failed Failedpassed Failed passed Failedpassed passed Problems passed Unfit Fig The Selection Process 5. 3 Job Analysis A job analysis is a systematic exploration of the activities within a job. It is a technical procedure used to define the duties, responsibilities, and accountabilities of a job.This analysis involves the identification and description of what is hap on the jib accurately and precisely identifying the required tasks, the knowledge, and the skills necessary for performing them, and the conditions under which they must be performed. 5. 4 Job Analysis Methods The radical methods that HR manager can use to ensconce job elements and the essential knowledge, skills, and abilities for successful p erformance include the following 1) Observation Method Observation method is a job analysis technique in which data are gathered by watching employees work. 2) single Interview Method Using the individual interview method, a term of job incumbents is selected and extensively interviewed.The results of these interviews are combined into a single job analysis. 3) Group Interview Method Meeting with a number of employees to collectively determine what their jobs entail. 4) Questionnaire Method Under the questionnaire Method, workers are sent specifically designed questionnaire on which they check or rate items they perform on their job from a extensive list of possible task items. 5) Technical Conference Method A job analysis technique involves extensive input from the employees supervisor. 6) Diary Method The diary method requires job incumbents to record their daily activities. 5. 5 Steps in job Analysis The steps involved in conducting the job analysis include Fig Steps in a job analysis 5. A Comparative Discussion between Job Analysis, Job Description, Job Specification, and Job Evaluations. Job Analysis The procedure for determining the duties and skill requirements of a job and the kind of person who should be hired for it. Job Description A job description is a written statement of what the jobholder does, how it is done, under what condition it is done and why it is done. It is a list of job duties, responsibilities- one product of a job analysis. ? Job Specification The job specification states the minimum acceptable qualifications that the incumbents must possess to perform the job successfully. ? Job Evaluations Job evaluation specifies the intercourse value of each job in the organization. 5. 7 Sources of equipmentThere are two sources of requirement internal and external. Deciding whether the position is to be filled internally or externally is often as early task in recruitment planning for a specific vacancy. Entry-level jobs must be filled ex ternally, but for other positions, internal sources are used. Internal sources are as ? Hiring telling and dependents of the existing employee ? By advancement and transfer of existing employees ? From employees on leave, long course deputation of loan from similar other organization. External sources are as ? New entrants as fresher from school and colleges ? Educated unemployed due to lack of opportunities elsewhere Retired hands with experiences ? Head hunting. 5. 8 Methods of recruitment There are two methods of recruitment this are ? Method for internal recruitment ? Job position Job position involves announcing job openings to all current employees. The announcement carry information about the nature of the position and the qualifications needs and any employee who is interested may did no the job. ? Employee Referrals Another way to find applicants is through employee referrals by other departments. Informal communications among managers can lead to the discovery that th e best candidate for a job is already working in a different section of the firm. ? Skills InventoriesInformation about every employees skills, education, work history and other important factors is stored in a data base, which can then be used to identify employees with the attributes needed for a particular job. ? Method for external recruitment Finding qualified applicants from outside the organization is most difficult part of recruitment. Typically, the external recruitment process uses different methods ? Advertising Advertising is one of the most popular methods. The most useful advertisement is one that specifies the exact nature of the job, the qualifications required and the salary range. The advertising medium should be selected thrillfully, with the coffin nail audience in mind. ? Employment AgenciesThere are three types of employment agencies a) Public agencies b) Private employment agencies c) Management consulting firm. educational institutions generally have place ment offices to assist their receives in finding work. Unfortunately, these kinds of agencies are not popular in our country. ? Campus recruitment Sending an employers representatives to college campuses to screen potential applicants and create an applicant pool from the recent graduate is called campus recruiting. It is an important source of management trainees, promotable candidates and professional and technical employees. ? Internship Many college students get their jobs through college internship.Internship is important manpower source for the organization. Internship can be win-win situation for both students and employers. ? Professional Organization Many professional organizations drop dead placement services for the benefit of their members. These organizations publish of job vacancies and distribute these lists to members. ? Employee leasing Individuals who are hired by one firm and sent to work for a specific duration of time are called leased employees. When an organ ization has a need for specific employee skills, it contracts with the leasing firm to provide a certain number of trained employees. ? individual(prenominal) contact Another means of recruiting is the personal contact.Some times personal and good communication can provide an opportunity to get experience manpower as well as better job offer. 5. 9 Advantages & disadvantages of internal recruitment When internal recruiting is used, the vacancy is filled by a person of known ability. There are some benefits of internal recruitment ? Improve goodwill of the organization ? Improve team spirit and motivation of employees ? Improve probability of better selection since the candidate is better known to the organization ? slight costly. In the case of internal recruitment, the firm also faces some difficulties ? In breeding prevents injection at new roue in the organization. ? Option in limited in locating right talents. Inhibits innovation and creativity. ? Encourage seniority mire the n merit. ? Higher probability of likes or dislikes. 5. 10 Advantage & Disadvantage of external recruiting External recruiting can bring in new ideas and viewpoints. Another advantage are ? jibe of new blood with new knowledge and creativity. ? Economic in the long run. There are some disadvantages of external recruiting ? External recruiting is the costly ? Cause brain drain due to fear of lack of growth potential ? Hanger probabilities of employee turn over ? Demoralize existing employee. 5. 11 Practices in the Bank Recruitment Objectives of the Bank ? To build a jubilant worthy cadre of officers. To provide the bank with an efficient and cost effective human resource setup. ? To keep bank free from unhealthy practice of Trade Union. The bank purely follows all steps of recruiting and selection process to achieve above-mentioned objectives. The bank recruits from both internal and external sources. The bank makes its applicants pool only by newspaper advertising. Some times the y recruit from internship student, where foreign banks i. e. HSBC and Standard Chartered bank, recruit major of their fresh executives from internship students pool. But the bank normally does not go for campus recruitment as well as other methods. Chapter 6 Training & Development 6. 1 Concept of Training & DevelopmentTraining is a planned effort by an organization to facilitate employees acquisition of job related knowledge and skills for the purpose of improving performance. Training is the process of teaching new employees the vasic skills they need to perform their job. Training is a knowledge experience that seeks a relatively permanent change in individuals that will improve their ability to perform on the job. The training function, now popularly called HR development. Employee development, by design is more future oriented and more concentrated with education than employee job specific training. Development therefore, focuses more on the employees personal growth. 6. 2 Ne ed and important of training Training is principally job-oriented it aims at maintaining and improving current job performance.The need for the training program may arise due to the following ? Entry of new recruits ? Promotion ? To increase productivity ? To improve quality ? To met organizational objective ? To prevent accident ? To support personal growth and development 6. 3 Objectives of Training 1. Establish a comprehensive understanding of the target audience community in Partner regions, 2. Identify and agree the target group(s) for the training needs analysis (TNA) within partner regions, 3. Design and implement an analysis of training needs questionnaire, 4. Analysis and document perceived training needs 6. 4 Guidelines and Framework to Design a Training and Development Plan 1.Education for Social Change (Popular and Folk Education) Free Online Lesson Plans, Lecture Notes, etc. 2. Online Resources (each having lists of resources) virtually Training and Development 3. Onl ine Educational Directories, Learning Portals, etc. About T&D 6. 5 Training method Training methods consider the choice of method for employee training. With training objectives define and learning principles in mind. Methods of training are basically tow types- ? On the job training The initial stages in the planning and design of an on the job training are a) Refer to the agreed objectives for the training as produced in the TNA or the initial planning stages. ) Consider the identified target learning population and how they might affect the training design. c) List the ways in which each objective might best be met. d) Decide whether the learning might be best achieved by an on the job or off the job training. ? Off the job training Off the job training- Off the job training is conducted in a location specifically designated for training. It may be near the work place or away form work, at a special training center or a resort. Conducting the training away from the work place mi nimizes distractions and allows trainees to devote their full attention to the material being thought. Chapter 7 Compensation & Employee Benefits 7. 1 Concept of Compensation & Employee BenefitsOnce employees have done their jobs and been appraised, they expect to be paid. Employee compensation refers to all forms of kick in or rewards going to employees and arising from their employment. It has two main components (1) Direct financial digestments (wages, salaries, incentives, commissions and bonuses), and (2) Indirect payments (financial benefits like employer-paid policy and vacations, child care facilities). In addition to compensation in the form of wages and salaries, HRM provides workers with various services and programs known as employee benefits. 7. 2 Components of the compensation system Fig-Components of the compensation system 7. 3 Wages vs. SalaryThe words wage and salary are sometimes considered synonymous, but they have slightly different meanings. Wage refers to an periodical rate of pay and is the pay basis used most frequently for production and maintenance employees. Salary refers to a weekly, monthly or yearly rate of pay. Clerical, professional, sales and management employees are usually salaried. 7. 4 Establishing Pay rates The process of establishing pay rates while ensuring external, internal and procedural equity consists of five steps 1) Conduct a Salary Survey The first step of establishing pay rates is to conducting a salary survey of what other employers are paying for comparable jobs. A survey aimed at determining prevailing wages rates.A good salary survey provides specific wage rates for specific jobs. 2) Job Evaluation Job evaluation is a systematic comparison done in order to determine the worth of one job relative to another. It is a formal and systematic comparison of jobs to determine the worth of one job relative to another and eventually results on a wage or salary hierarchy. 3) Group Similar Jobs into Pay Grades Once has used job evaluation to determine the relative worth of each job, the committee can turn to the task of assigning pay rates to each job however, it will usually want to first group jobs into pay grades. It could, of course, just assign pay rates to each individual job.A pay grade is comprised of jobs of approximately equal difficulty or importance as established by job evaluation. 4) Price Each Pay Grade Wage Curves The next step is to assign pay rates to the firms pay grades. The firm can use a wage twist around to help assign pay rates to each pay grade. The wage curve shows the relationship between the value of the job and the average wage paid for this job. 5) Five Tune Pay Rates Five tuning involves developing pay range and correcting out of line rates. Pay ranges is a series or levels within a pay grade, usually based upon years of service. 7. 5 Importance of Job Evaluation Job evaluation is aimed at determining a jobs relative worth.It compares jobs to one another base d on their content, which is usually defined in term of compensable factors like skills, effort, responsibility, and working conditions. 7. 6 Types of Employee Benefits a) Mandatory Benefits Organizations are required to pay these benefits to the employees by law, rules, acts or ordinance. Example Salary, Bonus. b) Non-mandatory benefits nonobligatory programs and services such as tuition refunds, variety of discount programs, day care facilities for children, credit program etc. 7. 7 Employees Benefit Programs initiated by HRM There are many benefits and various ways to screen them. We can classify them as I. Pay for time not worked II. Insurance benefits III. Retirement benefits IV. Service benefits 7. 7. 1 Pay for Time Not WorkedPay for time not worked also called supplemental pay benefits- is one of an employers most costly benefits, because of the large amount of time off that many employees receive. Common time off with pay periods include holi eld, vacations, jury duty, fu neral leave, personal geezerhood, sick leave, sabbatical leave, maternity leave and unemployment leave insurance payment for laid off or terminated employees. The following figure illustrates a wide rage of such benefits Fig- Payment for time not worked. 7. 7. 2 Insurance Benefits Most employers also provide a number of voluntary insurance benefits. Medical or health insurance is a major optional protections benefit offered by employers.Insurance benefits include workers compensation, group hospitalization, accident, baulk insurance and group life insurance. ? Workers Compensation Workers compensation provides levy income and medical benefits to work related accident victims or their dependents regardless of fault. Workers compensation benefits can be monetary or medical. In the event of a workers death or disablement, the persons dependents are paid a cash benefit based on introductory earnings. ? Health and Disability Insurance Health and disability insurance helps protect aga inst hospitalization costs and the release of income arising form off-the-job accidents or illness. Many employers acquire the insurance from life insurance companies.Most health insurance plans provide at least basic hospitalization and surgical and medical insurance for all bailable employees at group rate. ? Life Insurance Group life insurance provides cower rate for the employer of employee and includes all employees, including new employees, regardless of health or physical condition. In addition to hospitalization and medical benefits, most employers provide group life insurance plans. In many cases, the employer pays 100% or 50% of the basic premium, which usually provides life insurance. 7. 7. 3 Retirement Benefits A very important benefit to most employees is a hideaway plans. The major loneliness benefits are the social security program and pension plans. ? Social warranterMost people assume that social security provides income only when they are over 60, but it ver y provides three types of benefits The familiar seclusion benefits- provide an income if the employee retire at 60 survivors or death benefits collectible to the employees dependents regardless of age at the time of death and disability benefits payable to disabled employees and their dependents. These benefits are payable only if the employee is insured under the social security Act. ? reward Plans Pension plans provide a fixed sum when employees reach a predetermined retirement age or when they can no longer work due to disability. There are many kinds of pension plan ? Contributory VS.Noncontributory Under contributory plans, both employees and employers are required to contribute to the pension fund, while under noncontributory plan pension funding is the sole responsibility of the employer. In noncontributory plans where contributions are based on company profits (deferred profit sharing plans), accumulated funds are usually allocated on the basis of salary. ? delineate ben efit VS. Defined contribution plan With defined benefit plans, the employee knows ahead of time the pension benefits he/she will receive. The defined pension benefits itself is usually set by a formula that ties the persons retirement pension to an amount.Defined contribution plans specify what contribution the employee and employer will make to the employees retirement or savings fund. Here, in other words, the contribution is defined, not the pension. With a defined benefit plan the employee knows what his/her retirement benefits will be upon retirement. With a defined contribution plan, the persons pension will depend on the amounts contributed to the fund and on the retirement funds investment earning. 7. 8. 4 Employee Services In addition to the benefits describe above, organizations offer a wealth of services employees may find desirable. These services can be provided to the employee at no cost or at a significant reduction from what might have been paid without the organizat ions support.Services provided to employees may be- ? health Program In an effort to stimulate wellness, many employees can provide recreational facilities for employees or refund employees for health club memberships. Other companies provide incentives for employees to participate in exercise programs, quit smoking, lower blood pressure or cholesterol or to take similar steps toward good health. ? Educational helper Another important benefit is educational assistance. Some times companies offer monthly stipends for students. Typically, employees are reimbursed for tuition and possibly for books or other associated costs. ? Child-care AssistancesIt is likely that every major company will soon consider offering child-care assistance as an employee benefit. In most recent year this benefit is being popular in our country because of the number of women in the labor market has increased dramatically. ? Another Services are Another important services, that can be provided by the compa ny are Social and recreational events, employee assistance programs, credit unions, housing, tuition reimbursement, company paid transportation, free coffee, baby-sitting services or referrals. 7. 9 Incentive Plans tutor may offer group and individual incentive plan those ties pay to some measure of he firms overall profitability. Several incentive plans are ? Piecework PlansA system of pay based on the number of items processed by each individual worker in a unit of time, such as items per hour or items per day. ? Merit Pay as an Incentive Merit pay or a merit raise is any salary increase the firm awards to an individual employee based on his or her individual performance. ? Profit Sharing Plans Profit sharing plan is a plan whereby employees share in the companys profits. There are several types of profit sharing plans ? In cash plans In cash plans, the firm simply distributes a percentage of profit as profit shares to employees. ? Deferred profit sharing plans The firm places a predetermined portion of profit in each employees account under a trustees supervision. ? Employee Stock Ownership Plans (ESOP)ESOPs are company wide plans in which a corporation contributes shares of its own stock or cash to be used to purchase such stock of the firms stock tor employees. Chapter 8 Employee Relationship 8. 1 The Meaning of Ethics Ethics refers to the principles of conduct governing an individual or a group and specifically to the standards individual use to decide what he/she conduct should be. 8. 2 Organizational culture Organizational culture is the characteristic values, traditions and behaviors a companys employees share. A value is a basic belief about what is right or wrong, or about what should or should not do. 8. 3 Employee Discipline and PrivacyThe purpose of discipline is to encourage employees to behave sensibly at work (where sensible is defined as adhering to rules and regulations). In an organization, rules and regulations serve about the same purpos e that laws do in society discipline is called for when one of these rules or regulations are violated. A fair and just discipline process is based on three prerequisite rules and regulations, a system of progressive penalties and an appeals process. The four main types of employee privacy violations upheld by courts are intrusion, publication of private matters and disclosure of medical records and appropriation of an employees name or likeness for commercial purposes. 8. 4 Types of Disciplinary Actions ? Minor Penalties ? scold / censure Withholding for a specified period or stoppage of increment, confirmation or promotion ? Stoppage for a specified period at an efficiency bar in the time subdue ? Any other minor punishment. ? Major Penalties ? Recovery from salary of the whole or part of any pecuniary loss caused to the band by the employee ? Degradation to any lower post ? Compulsory retirement from service with or without retirement benefits ? Removal from service ? Dismissal from service. 8. 5 Disciplinary Proceeding ? before imposing any penalty as above, the employee concerned shall be informed in writing about the charges and also be given an opportunity to answer to the charges in writing. An head into charges may be held before taking final action in this regard and the competent authority may appoint an inquiry officer senior in rank to the accused to inquire into the charges and to submit his findings before passing final order in the case. ? An employee, against whom disciplinary action is proposed to be taken, may be placed under suspension, or the competent authority may order him to proceed on leave. ? The period of suspension will not exceed 90 days. If an employee, put under suspension, is not found guilty, he shall be entitled to full salary for the period of his suspension. ? If an employee put under suspension, is awarded any penalty in case of compulsory retirement or dismissal from service, the effect shall be from the date of suspe nsion and in the case of any other penalty, the effect shall be from the date of passing of the order by the competent authority. An employee who has been awarded any penalty shall have a right to appeal to the competent authority within 30 days (or any period determined by the authority) from the date of the order. 8. 6 Disciplinary Appeals Processes The disciplinary appeal process consists of following three steps Steps 1 Management review In step 1, the complainants submit a written complaint to a member of management (e. g. manager, senior manager or managing director) within seven schedule days of the occurrence of the eligible issue. Steps 2 Officer Complaint If not satisfied with that decision in step 1, then in step 2, the complainant submits a written appeal to the vice president or senior vice president of the division within seven calendar days of the step 1 decision. Step 3 Executive appeal ReviewFinally in step 3, the complainant may submit a written complaint within s even calendar days of the step-2 decision to the employee relations department. This department then investigates and prepares case file for the executive review appeals board. 8. 7 Disciplines without Punishment No one likes being punished. The basic aim of discipline without punishment is to gain an employees word sense of the rules by reducing the punitive nature of the discipline itself. 8. 8 Managing Dismissals Dismissal is the involuntary termination of an employees employment with the firm. Dismissal is the most drastic disciplinary step the manager can take. Because of this, special care is required to ensure that sufficient cause exists for it. Managing dismissals is an important part of any supervisors job.The best way to handle a dismissal is to avoid it in the first place. Many dismissals start with wild hiring decisions. Using sound selection practices including assessment tests, reference and background checks, drug testing and clearly defined job descriptions can re duce the need for many dismissals. 8. 9 Grounds for Dismissal There are four bases of dismissal 1. Unsatisfactory Performance Unsatisfactory performance may be defined as persistent failure to perform assigned duties or to meet prescribed standards on the job. Specific reasons include excessive absenteeism, tardiness, and adverse attitude toward the company, supervisor or fellow employees. 2. MisconductMisconduct is deliberate and voluntary violation of the employers rules and may include stealing, rowdy behavior and insubordination. 3. deficiency of Qualification for the Job Lack of qualification for the job is an employees inability to do the assigned work although he/she is diligent. 4. Insubordination Insubordination, a form of misconduct, is sometimes grounds for dismissal. It should remember that some acts are or should be deemed insubordinate whe